Prostate cancer poses a substantial clinical challenge and accounts for a large proportion of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The therapeutic landscape has undergone a large transformation in the past 5 years, resulting in improved patient outcomes. In this Seminar, we review the pathology, diagnostic strategies, and treatments for prostate cancer. Active surveillance is the preferred treatment option for patients with indolent prostate cancer. For those requiring treatment, local therapies provide effective cancer control. Systemic treatment is essential for advanced and metastatic cases, and a wide range of therapies are now available, including androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, and emerging targeted agents such as lutetium-177-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy and PARP inhibitors. Considering toxicity profiles alongside patient preferences is important to facilitating shared decision making. Further research is needed to establish the most effective sequence and combination of treatments for metastatic prostate cancer.

Monitoring the behaviour of transnational corporations is an important public health priority given the many ways corporate actors negatively affect health. Such effects can be mitigated by defining standards of corporate behaviour and implementing regulations to prohibit and sanction harmful behaviour. However, in the past two decades, market signals and corporate scorecards are increasingly being used to incentivise corporate actors to behave in a socially responsible manner. Two examples of relevance to global health are the Access to Medicine Index and the Access to Nutrition Initiative's Global Index. However, this Viewpoint argues that these indices are flawed and could have the perverse effect of reinforcing the power and dominance of the biggest pharmaceutical and food companies, and undermining broader public interest efforts to hold such companies accountable and improve equitable access to healthy foods, medicines, and vaccines.

Development of new treatments for gonorrhoea is a global public health priority. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zoliflodacin versus ceftriaxone plus azithromycin in patients with uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhoea.

Radiotherapy is an integral component of treatment for oropharyngeal cancer. Toxicity from the current state-of-the-art photon radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), has prompted the search for alternative, less toxic therapies. One such alternative that might de-intensify treatment is proton therapy. In this trial, we aimed to directly compare IMRT with intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT), both concurrent with systemic therapy, hypothesising comparable disease control and survival and lower toxicity.