In patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-invasive diagnosis of advanced fibrosis remains challenging, while these stages are critical for prognosis and therapeutic decision-making. Existing non-invasive models cannot simultaneously ensure effective rule-out and rule-in, whereas the dual cutoff strategy provides a feasible clinical approach. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Liver stiffness measurement-to-platelet ratio index (LPRI) for advanced fibrosis in this population and to explore its clinical utility in risk stratification.

Recent studies reveal an association between the mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component (MTARC) 1 and 2 proteins and metabolism in Mtarc1/2-deficient mice that are resistant to diet-induced obesity; however, the impact of Mtarc1/2 knockout (KO) on the gut microbiota and metabolome has not been explored in the context of sex and diet.

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a leading cause of chronic liver disorders globally, is closely linked with the dysbiosis of the gut. These microbial imbalances contribute to pathogenesis of MAFLD through intestinal barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and hepatic fat accumulation. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the complex interaction between the gut microbiome and MAFLD, through literature search of articles published in open access journals of two electronic data bases PubMed, Medline from January 2015 to May 2025. Among 602 publications identified initially, 54 studies were considered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria as per the PRISMA guidelines. The results assimilate the findings from both preclinical models and human clinical trials, highlighting the influence of probiotic strains on key metabolic pathways. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species were shown to regulate lipid metabolism, normalize liver enzyme activity, reduce insulin resistance, and attenuate hepatic inflammation. These effects are mediated through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of gut barrier integrity, modulation of bile acid metabolismsuppression of endotoxemia and modulation of gut–liver axis. By summarizing emerging insights, this review offers an updated perspective on the role of probiotic interventions as a promising adjunct strategy in the prevention and management of MAFLD.

The efficacy of conventional chemoradiotherapy for colorectal cancer is often limited by resistance, with epithelial-mesenchymal transition being a key mechanism. Although the artemisinin derivative artemether (ARE) has shown antitumor potential, it remains unclear whether it can enhance radiosensitivity and reverse chemo-radiation resistance in colorectal cancer by regulating EMT. This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing and resistance-reversing effects of ARE on human colorectal cancer xenografts in nude mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanism related to EMT regulation.

Open-access endoscopy relies on referrals that are manually vetted, which is a resource consuming process, with potential biases. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in medical utilities, their ability to autonomously manage complex referral logistics remains understudied. We assessed whether LLMs can provide accurate recommendations on gastrointestinal endoscopy referrals.

Hepatitis B infection remains an important global public health problem. Screening and vaccination of family contacts are among the key interventions to control hepatitis B. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge on modes of transmission of hepatitis B and the practice of family screening and vaccination among patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who had follow-ups at a tertiary center in Ethiopia.

Significant fibrosis represents a critical stage in the progression of Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) to cirrhosis. Early identification of significant hepatic fibrosis is crucial for treatment and prognosis. This study aims to investigate risk factors for significant hepatic fibrosis in ALD patients via clinical data analysis and establish a nomogram for risk prediction.

The Baveno VII consensus recently introduced the term “recompensated cirrhosis,” but its prognostic relevance in alcohol-related cirrhosis remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the frequency and associated factors of recompensation in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis following the first decompensation and evaluate the prognosis based on recompensation status.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic digestive disorder with a growing epidemiological footprint worldwide. However, the specific characteristics and burden of GERD in East Asia, particularly in China, remain insufficiently documented.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common brain-gut interaction disorders, characterized by chronic abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and heightened stress responses that significantly affect patients' psychological functioning and quality of life. Given that chronic stress plays a central role in the onset and maintenance of IBS symptoms, identifying psychological resources that promote adaptation and well-being is crucial. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and psychological well-being among patients with IBS.

Clinical outcomes and histologic characteristics of biopsy-proven steatotic liver disease (SLD) subtypes remain understudied. We investigated clinical outcomes and fibrosis patterns in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD).

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection after previous eradication failure remains challenging. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a vonoprazan-tetracycline (VT) dual regimen as a potential rescue therapy.

For the local excision of early rectal tumors (ERTs), the relative effectiveness of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) vs transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is subject to debate. The comparisons are limited to retrospective, single-center studies lacking a health economic assessment.