Psoriatic arthritis develops in up to one-third of individuals with psoriasis, typically following a prolonged subclinical phase. Diagnostic delays are common, often exceeding 2 years, and can result in irreversible joint damage. The growing recognition of this latent period has fuelled interest in earlier identification and interception. However, efforts are hampered by inconsistent definitions of early or subclinical psoriatic arthritis, insufficient prognostic tools, and an absence of consensus on the outcome for interception studies. This Review synthesises a rapidly evolving field, offering a framework organised around four crucial questions: first, what defines progression from psoriasis to psoriatic arthritis? Second, who is most at risk of transition? Third, how can progression be reliably measured using imaging, molecular biomarkers, or digital health technologies? Fourth, when should preventive intervention be considered? We critically examine new conceptual models, the limitations of existing classification criteria, advances in imaging and biomarker research, and the promise of digital phenotyping. Addressing the current challenges in definitions, risk stratification, measurement, and trial design is essential for the development of biologically grounded, ethically robust interception strategies.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a commonly performed surgery that can successfully treat end-stage osteoarthritis (OA). Obesity is a known risk factor for OA and its progression, but its impact on postoperative satisfaction and implant sizing remains unclear. The current study aimed to assess the association of preoperative body mass index (BMI) and lower limb dimensions with TKA component sizing and patient-reported outcomes.

To evaluate physical activity (PA) levels in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and their associations with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, psychosocial parameters, and functional status, and to identify distinct patient subgroups using latent class analysis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease with multiple internal organ involvement, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. Two major types are present, limited systemic sclerosis (lSSc) and diffuse systemic sclerosis (dSSc), according to the limit of skin fibrosis, with variability in internal organ involvement. Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is almost always present in either type as a presenting feature; it may precede the onset by years. It affects the quality of life for the patient and has a variable range of complications as well, with the most severe being tissue gangrene and finger amputation. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of RP complications and predictors of outcome in lSSc and dSSc.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease in children under 16 years of age, often associated with joint damage. The etiopathogenesis of JIA involves an abnormal immune response triggered by the interaction of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Pain and swelling associated with JIA can lead to mobility issues and reduced physical activity (PA). Regular PA, tailored to the child's current health and functional status, is recommended for JIA patients. We aimed to assess whether JIA influences the choice of PA in children aged 7-13 years.

This study aimed to evaluate ultrasonographic entheseal abnormalities in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) who were in clinical remission for at least 6 months and receiving either nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or biologic agents.

Dermatomyositis with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5) antibodies is a rare, poorly recognised and potentially life-threatening subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Frequent amyopathic course, unique cutaneous lesions, symptoms interfering with other connective tissue diseases, and low awareness of the disease lead to a delay in establishing the proper diagnosis. Clinical presentations may differ among individuals, and three main patterns have been identified depending on the predominant symptoms and prognosis. Interstitial lung disease and vasculopathy contribute mostly to an unfavourable outcome. The study aimed to present different courses of anti-MDA5 myopathy and highlight the heterogenicity of the disease, based on real-life cases from one centre. This is also the first study to document renal involvement in the form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in patient with anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis. The review section broadly describes up-to-date knowledge on the subtypes of anti-MDA5 myopathy, thoroughly exploring its pathogenesis, clinical presentations and currently recommended standards of care.

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a vasospastic disorder classified into primary (PRP) and secondary (SRP) forms. Infrared thermography (IRT), a non-invasive imaging technique assessing skin surface temperature, has emerged as a valuable tool in evaluating microvascular dysfunction in RP. This review analyzed literature from 2010 to 2025 across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase using key words including "Raynaud's phenomenon," "infrared thermography," and "cold provocation test." Studies focusing on diagnostic accuracy, differentiation of PRP from SRP, and monitoring treatment response were included. Infrared thermography demonstrates strong sensitivity and specificity, especially through parameters such as distal-dorsal temperature difference and rewarming kinetics. It offers a comfortable, reproducible alternative to traditional methods such as the finger systolic pressure test. However, lack of standardized imaging protocols and equipment variability limit its widespread use. Advancements in device calibration, artificial intelligence integration, and protocol harmonization could enhance IRT's clinical utility in diagnosing and monitoring RP.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is effective for treating end-stage osteoarthritis but often results in significant blood loss, necessitating optimized management strategies. A literature review of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical trials was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. The acronym TKA-BLED encapsulates effective blood loss management strategies. Tranexamic acid: reduces blood loss by 591 ml and decreases transfusion rates. Keep femoral canal closed: saves 381 ml by minimizing hidden loss. Apply cryotherapy: conserves 264 ml while reducing pain and swelling. Be aware of tourniquet use: limits intraoperative loss but increases total postoperative blood loss and complications. Limit drain use: retains 318 ml through the tamponade effect. Elevate the knee: decreases blood loss by up to 257 ml. Decrease operative time: saves 14 ml per minute. The TKA-BLED protocol effectively reduces blood loss and transfusion needs, improving patient outcomes. More research is needed to validate its long-term efficacy.

Axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA) belongs to a group of chronic, progressive inflammatory diseases with a variety of clinical manifestations, including musculoskeletal and extra-articular symptoms. The most common extra-articular manifestation in patients with axSpA is uveitis, which usually involves the anterior segment, can be recurring, and is a vision-threatening complication. Ocular complications can result from the disease itself, as well as from the therapy used to treat it. Treatment for axSpA is based on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. Biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are an effective and constantly evolving form of axSpA therapy; however, their application and side effects remain under study. The aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge about the efficacy of biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs in non-infectious uveitis in axSpA and delineate their effect on the organ of vision.

To assess the prevalence and persistence of self-reported depression and its associated factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using a patient-reported outcome measure in a large, multicentre, prospective cohort.

In rare and complex connective tissue diseases, patient partnership is essential to address diagnostic delays, fragmented care, unmet needs, and the research agenda. European Reference Network (ERN) ReCONNET, the network dedicated to rare and complex connective tissue diseases, has implemented a structured and transferable model of patient partnership. Patients contribute to every phase of research and care development: from identifying unmet needs to co-authoring scientific publications. Patient input also shapes educational initiatives and strategic planning. By institutionalising partnership through governance structures and shared decision-making processes, ERN ReCONNET shows that involving patients as equal stakeholders enhances the relevance, quality, and effect of activities. This Personal View was co-written with the direct partnership of authors with lived experience of rare and complex connective tissue diseases and reports a model that can be adapted to other rare diseases and rheumatological settings, promoting a culture of patient-centred innovation in health-care systems.

Engaging people with lived experience in research improves research quality, relevance, and translation. Yet, people with lived experience are infrequently engaged in rheumatology research even though they can make important contributions to research planning, implementation, interpretation, and dissemination. Engagement levels might include consulting (by providing perspectives on a single topic or problem), advising (via two-way interactions with researchers to make recommendations on one or more aspects of a study), or partnering (by engaging with researchers to make decisions together). Evidence on strategies for engaging people with lived experience, including the research stages during which engagement might be most meaningful, levels of engagement, and how to align specific purposes and activities, is limited. We review principles (defined roles and responsibilities, alignment of engagement purpose and activities, collaborative relationships between researchers and people with lived experience, and recognition of the contributions of people with lived experience) and considerations for specific approaches to engagement to guide researchers on how to meaningfully and effectively engage people with lived experience in rheumatology research.

To ensure that digital health applications reflect real-world needs and preferences, meaningful public and patient involvement is essential throughout the design process. However, existing patient and public involvement frameworks often fall short in guiding the fast-paced, iterative nature of digital health innovations. This study aimed to examine how patient and public involvement was embedded in the development and real-world testing of MyRA, a web-based self-monitoring application designed for and with people with rheumatoid arthritis, and explored the impact of this involvement.

Interferons (IFNs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the relationship between serum levels of IFN-α and IFN-γ and the clinical manifestations of RA, particularly regarding cardiovascular comorbidity, remains poorly established. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between serum concentrations of IFN-α and IFN-γ and the spectrum of disease manifestations in RA, with special attention to cardiovascular involvement.

To compare the proportion of patients in remission and low disease activity (LDA) between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).