Objective: To establish a rapid and effective melanin-bleaching method to standardize and improve the molecular pathological analyses of melanoma. Methods: Fifteen cases of melanoma with melanin content exceeding 50% collected at the Precision Pathology Diagnosis Center, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China between 2023 and 2024 were included in the study. These tissue samples were subject to melanin-bleaching treatments using H2O2, potassium permanganate (KMnO4), Tris-HCl or PBS method. The bleaching effects in each group were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Thereafter, the total amount, purity, and integrity of DNA extracted from bleached tissues were analyzed using UV spectrophotometry and Qsep1 Bio-fragment analyzer. Finally, in order to compare the efficiency of DNA amplification, C-KIT and PDGFRA were examined using Sanger sequencing, and BRAF was detected using real-time quantitative PCR. Results: Among the 15 cases, there were seven males and eight females whose median age was 68 (range, 63 to 71) years. Bleached tissue in Tris-HCl group had the highest HE score, which was significantly higher than those in the groups of PBS, H2O2, KMnO4, and control (F=113.3, P<0.05). The total DNA amount in the control and Tris-HCl groups was significantly higher than those in the groups of PBS, H2O2, and KMnO4, respectively (F=275, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the mean A260/A280 values of DNA obtained from bleached tissue in Tris-HCl and KMnO4 were better than that of control, and the mean A260/A230 values of Tris-HCl and KMnO4 were higher than that of control, PBS, and H2O2. Meanwhile, the proportion of >5 000 bp,>3 000 bp, and >1 000 bp DNA fragments in Tris-HCl was all significantly higher than those in other groups (F=147.9, F=127.9 and F=61.9, respectively, P<0.05). C-KIT and PDGFRA genes were both successfully amplified based on DNA obtained from bleached tissue in Tris-HCl group, and the sequencing peaks were clear and free of noticeable noises. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that Tris-HCl method had lower cycle threshold values than other methods in detecting BRAF gene (F=30.36, P<0.05). Conclusions: Tris-HCl method is a fast and effective melanin-bleaching method for analyzing melanoma, which could remove melanin effectively, confirm high quality of DNA and good integrity of DNA, and improve the amplification efficiency of sequencing for melanoma related genes. This new method may help pathologists with reliable molecular typing and identifying therapeutic targets for melanoma. It may greatly improve clinical management of melanoma patients.

To screen factors affecting the prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, and construct a nomogram model for event-free survival (EFS).

To explore the efficacy and apoptosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with ASXL1 mutation.

To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic of venetoclax (VEN) combined targeted therapy in acute leukemia (AL) patients with PICALM∷MLLT10 fusion gene positivity.

To analyze the gene mutation characteristics and survival time of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on next-generation sequencing(NGS) gene detection.

To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics, co-mutated genes in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with NRAS and KRAS gene mutations, and the impact of NRAS and KRAS mutations on prognosis.

To understand clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia-related (AML-MR).

To investigate the susceptibility of venetoclax-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines to ferroptosis and to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms using transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis methods.

Cervical cancer (CC), a common malignant tumor afflicting women, poses serious threats to their health. Therefore, it is critical to develop a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CC, and to identify new therapeutic targets and methods for early diagnosis. The multi-omics research in tumors, involving proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, microbiomics, and metabolomic, offers valuable insights. The multi-omics analysis of biological samples from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and CC can help clarify the pathways involved in the pathogenesis and development of CC. Furthermore, multi-omics studies have identified a number of molecules associated with CC, including actin, lumican, family member with sequence similarity 83 (FAM83A), cadherin EGF-LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3), and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), all of which show potential to be used as new biomarkers. These biomarkers will help make early diagnosis, improve the survival and prognosis of CC patients, and ultimately reduce CC incidence and mortality. This review synthesizes current advances in multi-omics research on cervical cancer.

To investigate the expression levels and mutation status of phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) in endometrial cancer (EC) and evaluate its association with lymph node metastasis in EC.

To analyze the expression levels of miR-27a-3p mRNA and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) mRNA in breast cancer, and to explore their relationships with clinicopathological features and the survival prognosis of patients.

Copy number alteration (CNA) is a significant genetic change in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), with CDKN2A/B deletions, PAX5 deletions, and IKZF1 deletions being the most common. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the potential prognostic significance of these gene deletions and multiple co-deletions in pediatric B-ALL. This paper reviews the main detection methods for CNA, as well as the prognostic characteristics and treatment approaches for common CNA in pediatric B-ALL.

To evaluate the efficacy of molecular targeted agents in children with progressive pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG).

To investigate the prognostic value of molecular minimal residual disease (Mol-MRD) monitored before and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of endometriosis (EM)-associated ovarian mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA). Methods: Clinical and pathological data were collected from nine patients diagnosed with EM-associated ovarian MLA at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University between January 2022 and December 2024. Histological slides were re-reviewed, immunohistochemical examination and molecular testing were performed, and patient follow-up was conducted. Results: (1) Clinical characteristics: the median age of the nine patients was 54 years (range: 38-69 years). All patients presented with a pelvic mass; five cases also reported abdominal pain. Tumor location included five cases in the right ovary, two in the left ovary, and two involving both ovaries. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging showed 3 cases at stage Ⅰ, 4 at stage Ⅱ, and 2 at stage Ⅲ. (2) Pathological features: gross examination revealed mixed solid-cystic masses with solid areas appearing gray-white or yellow-brown; the median maximum tumor diameter was 9.0 cm (range: 2.6-13.0 cm). Microscopically, tumors exhibited various architectural patterns, including tubular, glandular, papillary, slit-like, sex cord-like, glomeruloid, and solid structures, with tubular and glandular patterns being most common. Tumor cells demonstrated mild to moderate nuclear atypia. Of the 11 tumor foci in the 9 cases, 8 showed coexistence of MLA with other tumor components, such as endometrioid carcinoma, borderline endometrioid or borderline seromucinous tumors. In 1 case of MLA mixed with a borderline endometrioid tumor, both components exhibited squamous metaplasia. Immunohistochemistry showed variable expression of GATA-binding protein 3, thyroid transcription factor-1, CD10, and calretinin, with positive rates of 9/11, 8/11, 5/11, and 3/6, respectively. Two tumor foci (2/11) exhibited focal expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. All cases displayed wild-type p53 expression. Molecular testing via next-generation sequencing in five patients revealed pathogenic mutations in the KRAS gene (5/5), with 3 cases (3/5) harboring additional pathogenic mutations in other genes. (3) Treatment and prognosis: all patients underwent surgery, supplemented by chemotherapy and (or) targeted therapy. Five patients underwent comprehensive staging surgery, four received cytoreductive surgery, and one patient received targeted therapy. The median follow-up duration was 7 months (range: 2-27 months). Three patients (3/9) experienced recurrence, and no deaths were reported during the follow-up period. Conclusions: EM-associated ovarian MLA demonstrates diverse morphological patterns and frequently coexists with other tumor types. Accurate diagnosis relies on an integrated evaluation of histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing. The primary treatment for EM-associated ovarian MLA is surgery, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients harboring pathogenic KRAS p.G12C mutations may benefit from targeted therapies. Ovarian MLA is an aggressive tumor, prone to recurrence in the short term, and has a poor prognosis.

Objective: To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of fumarate hydratase-deficient uterine leiomyoma (FH-dUL). Methods: Clinical data and follow-up information for 117 patients with FH-dUL diagnosed through surgical pathology and immunohistochemistry in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2020 to December 2024, were collected. A control group of 130 patients with common uterine leiomyomas was also included. The differences between the two groups in clinical, imaging, and pathological characteristics were compared. Additionally, recurrence rates, fertility outcomes for FH-dUL patients, and the incidence of renal cancer in FH germline mutation carriers were monitored. Results: (1) Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics: the median age of 117 FH-dUL patients was 35 years, and the median age at first diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas was 29 years, both significantly younger than the control group (41 and 36 years; both P<0.01). The FH-dUL group showed significantly higher incidences of uterine myomectomy, multiple leiomyomas, diffusion restriction on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging diffusion weighted imaging, and typical pathological features (candelabra-like vessels, bizarre nuclei, cytoplasmic eosinophilic globules, perinuclear halo, cellular atypia) and higher ultrasound blood flow score (all P<0.05). Of the 30 FH-dUL patients who underwent genetic testing, 9 had germline mutations, 3 had somatic mutations, and 6 had mutations of unclear origin. Among the 9 FH gene germline mutation patients, 2 had already developed renal cell carcinoma. (2) Recurrence analysis: among the 56 patients who underwent uterine myomectomy, 22 (39.3%, 22/56) experienced recurrence during follow-up, compared to 12 (21.8%, 12/55) of the 55 patients in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.046). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that cellular leiomyomas (OR=9.489, 95%CI: 1.740-51.755; P=0.009) and multiple uterine leiomyomas (OR=10.709, 95%CI: 1.354-84.683; P=0.025) were significant risk factors for recurrence in FH-dUL. (3) Fertility analysis: among the 66 FH-dUL patients who underwent fertility-preserving surgery, 16 had the intention to have fertility desire, only 2 (2/16) completed their fertility plans during follow-up. Conclusions: Clinicopathological features and imaging features help to differentiate FH-dUL from common type uterine fibroids, but lack specificity, and the diagnosis of FH-dUL is based on immunohistochemistry. The recurrence rate after resection of FH-dUL is high, and cellular and multiple leiomyomas are important predictors of recurrence. It is crucial to perform genetic testing, genetic counseling, drug treatment to prevent recurrence, fertility guidance, and long-term comprehensive management after surgery for FH-dUL management.

To study the effect of CDC20 knockdown on proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells and its underlying mechanism.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent malignancy of the digestive tract that poses a significant threat to human health, with an incidence rate that continues to rise globally. Increasing research highlights the crucial role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in regulating ferroptosis and contributing to the malignant progression of ESCC. These ncRNAs influence the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion capabilities of ESCC cells by modulating iron metabolism and redox balance. miRNAs can regulate cellular iron accumulation and oxidative stress by targeting ferroptosis-related genes; lncRNAs may indirectly affect iron metabolic pathways by competitively binding to miRNAs; circRNAs, through a sponge effect, may regulate the activity of miRNAs. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of ncRNAs-mediated regulation of ferroptosis in ESCC, focusing on molecular mechanisms, regulatory networks, and their specific roles in the ferroptosis process. Additionally, the potential of ncRNAs in ESCC diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and therapeutic intervention is discussed, aiming to provide new insights and targets for ferroptosis-based tumor therapy.