Neoplasms characterized by the expression of markers of neuroendocrine differentiation in neoplastic cells are defined as neuroendocrine neoplasms. A case of neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) with a small amount of papillary adenocarcinoma and significantly vacuolar nucleus at the esophagogastric junction was reported in this article. A 77-year-old male had dysphagia for one week. Endoscopy revealed early-stage esophagogastric junction carcinoma, and biopsy was diagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed. Histologically, the papillary adenocarcinoma progresses from typically branching papillary structures (well-differentiated) to hyperplasia of the lining epithelium of the papilla to form a cribriform structure (moderately differentiated), to solid area lacking papillary structures (poorly differentiated). There was a continuous process, and during this process, the vacuoles in the nuclei of tumor cells showed progressive changes from mild to obvious and finally to significant vacuoles. The tumor was mainly composed of solid areas (about 95%), with single cell, large cell, round or oval to irregular nuclei, and significantly vacuolar nuclei, nuclei with larger vacuoles appeared in a loop, a few thin weakly basophilic or weakly eosinophilic fine particles could be seen in the vacuoles, and the vacuoles had rough edges. The nucleus chromatin at the outer edge of the vacuoles was fine particles, and mitosis was common (20-30/mm2), atypical mitosis could be seen, and nucleoli could be seen easily, the cytoplasm was weakly eosinophilic, and the boundaries of cells were unclear. The cells were arranged in a nested, trabecular, or diffuse sheet shape, with some arranged in a glandular tube shape. Tumor thrombus was found in the vein of submucosa; the interstitial tissue rich in capillaries within the tumor was accompanied by a large number of neutrophil infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the solid area of the tumor was positive for synaptophysin (Syn) and chromogranin A (CgA), while papillary adenocarcinoma was negative. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) was diffusely positive in papillary adenocarcinoma, while the proportion of positive cells in the solid area of the tumor was about 10% to 15%. In a word, this case showed the extreme situation of the vacuolar nuclear characteristics of NECs, extremely rare, in a sense, this case expanded the boundary of the morphological spectrum of NECs. Understanding the extreme vacuolar features of this nucleus is helpful to make a correct pathological diagnosis.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), also known as Masson tumor, is a rare vascular benign tumor of blood vessels. It may occur in any part of the body, especially the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue of the head, neck, fingers and trunk. The imaging and histopathology of IPEH are similar to hemangiosarcoma, especially in the case of active vascular endothelial hyperplasia. IPEH is a reactive proliferative lesion of vascular intima. The etiology is still unclear. After some studies showed that IPEH was a benign lesion, few reports on the etiology of it were reported. IPEH is usually limited to the thrombotic vessels or lumens of vascular malformations, usually accompanied by a clear history of trauma. IPEH usually does not cause any symptoms. It looks like a slow-growing lump. Some cases have been reported with pain and swelling. Although IPEH is relatively rare, its accurate diagnosis is crucial because it may be similar to malignant angiogenic lesions in clinical practice. There were few reports of cases related to intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia located in the sternocleidomastoid muscle after reviewing the domestic and foreign literature in recent 10 years. This case reports that a young male, who was admitted to the hospital one month after finding a subcutaneous tumor in the left neck. After admittance, relevant preoperative examinations were completed. After multi-disciplinary discussion and elimination of surgical contraindications, a specific surgical plan was formulated. The tumor was removed under local anesthesia on the second day after admission. During the operation, it was found that the tumor was located between the sternocleidomastoid muscle bundles, and it was sent for pathologic examination. Paraffin section pathology was reported after operation. Histological examination showed that the morphology was consistent with vascular endothelial papillary hyperplasia. There were no related surgical complications and recurrence in the 3-month follow-up. The purpose of this paper is to provide clinicians with a certain understanding of this rare disease through the report of this case of IPEH, and to identify it in later clinical work, and at the same time, to avoid confusion with malignant diseases, such as hemangiosarcoma, leading to unnecessary treatment and increase the cost of treatment.

To explore the differences in perioperative clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with different pathological types of prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy, and to analyze the influencing factors that may affect the extraglandular invasion of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

To explore the specific mechanism of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) mediated histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) modification in promoting the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for over 90% of oral malignancies, with more than 370 000 new cases and approximately 188 000 deaths annually worldwide. In China, there are roughly 65 000 new cases and 35 000 deaths each year, showing a significant upward trend compared with 2015 statistics. Despite continuous advancements in treatment modalities, the 5-year survival rate remains stagnant at 50%-60%, where tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance persist as fundamental barriers to precision oncology. To address these critical challenges, this study established a standardized bioban-king protocol for OSCC patient-derived organoids (PDOs) (Patent: Method for constructing an oral squamous cell carcinoma organoid bank, ZL202311378598.3). Through groundbreaking optimization of culture media, enzymatic digestion kinetics, and stepwise cryopreservation, we achieved a biobanking success rate exceeding 95% and pioneered synchronous cultivation of matched primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and adjacent normal mucosa from individual patients, preserving spatial heterogeneity and stromal interactions. Leveraging this platform, we developed high-throughput drug screening: Quantified heterogeneity-driven differential chemoresponse using adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-based viability assays; We discovered resistance mechanisms: Identified sialylated cancer IgG (SIA-cIgG)-mediated cis-platin resistance (primary/secondary) through PTPN13 suppression, with anti-SIA-cIgG combination therapy demonstrating synergistic efficacy. Besides, we elucidated metastatic drivers: CRISPR-Cas9-edited organoids revealed WDR54 promoted metastasis via H3K4me3/H4K16ac epigenetic reprogramming, activating epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) and inducing partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT). This "holographic patient-mirroring" platform provided unprecedented resolution for OSCC precision therapy and had been formally incorporated into the Chinese Stomatological Association Technical Guidelines (Technical guideline for establishing patient-derived oral squamous cell carcinoma organoid banks, CHSA 2024-08). Future integration of immune-competent organoids, 3D-bioprinted vasculature, and multi-omics-AI systems will accelerate personalized oncology. These innovations will accelerate clinical translation of personalized therapeutic regimens, ultimately bridging the gap between bench research and bedside application.

Objective: To investigate the methods and skills required for the safe and swift removal of primary or secondary sacral tumors located between the second (inclusive) and fourth sacral vertebrae. Methods: The clinical images, pathology reports, surgical procedures, operation durations, intraoperative bleeding volumes, and postoperative functional follow-up data of 26 patients undergoing sacral tumor resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital between May 2020 and February 2025 were retrospectively examined. Additionally, the safety measures for sacral tumor resection and techniques for expedited specimen removal were evaluated. Results: According to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, all 26 patients presented with sacral tumors located between the second (inclusive) and fourth sacral vertebrae. Specifically, 9 patients were diagnosed with primary sacral tumors, pathologically confirmed as chordomas, while 17 patients had secondary sacral tumors. Among the secondary tumor cases, 12 were attributed to recurrent rectal cancer invading the sacrum, and 5 were due to malignant teratomas invading the sacrum. The 26 patients underwent a treatment strategy that began with managing the relationship between the internal iliac artery, vein branches, and the tumor, followed by the resection of the sacrum. During surgery, the bilateral sciatic foramina were accurately positioned, and the presacral fascia was dissected subsequent to the fracture of the sacrum. Among the 26 patients, 9 underwent sacral tumor resection directly through the posterior sacral approach. The average operation time for these patients was (71.1±4.9) minutes, with average blood loss of (186.7±72.8) milliliters. On the other hand, 17 patients underwent sacral tumor resection by transitioning from the supine position to the prone knife position through a combined abdominal and sacral approach. The average operation time for this group was (213.5±19.3) minutes, with average blood loss of (480.0±93.0) milliliters, significantly longer than that of the posterior sacral approach. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 48 months, with a median of 20 months, ending on March 31, 2025. During this time, 26 patients achieved autonomous defecation with the aid of medication. None of the patients reported any functional movement disorders or pain in their lower limbs. It was observed that two out of the 26 patients developed distant metastasis, while the remaining 24 patients survived without any tumors. Conclusion: By pretreated the relationship between the internal iliac vessels and sacral tumors prior to resecting sacral tumors, utilizing the approach of initially fracturing the sacrum followed by rupturing the presacral fascia, the tumor can be entirely eliminated, resulting in a brief surgical procedure, reduced intraoperative bleeding, and minimal postoperative complications.

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological factors affecting the prognosis of patients after curative resection of lung metastases (LMs) from colorectal cancer (CRC) and to construct a clinical risk scoring (CRS) model. Methods: This study retrospectively collected clinicopathological data and follow-up information on 132 patients who underwent radical resection of LMs from CRC at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2010 and December 2020. We analyzed the clinicopathological factors influencing patient prognosis using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, and we developed a risk stratification model for prognostic prediction. Results: The median follow-up duration for the cohort of 132 patients was 54.2 months. During this period, 61 patients (46.2%) experienced recurrence or distant metastasis, resulting in a 5-year DFS rate of 54.1%. Additionally, 33 patients (25.0%) died, corresponding to a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of 76.7%. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that ten clinicopathological factors were significantly associated with OS (all P＜0.05). These factors include the total number of lymph nodes (LNs) dissected from the primary tumor (PT) <16, the number of negative LNs from the PT <13, pN(+) of the PT, logarithmic odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) of the PT ≥-1.1, lymph nodes ratio (LNR) of the PT ≥0.02, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level before LMs resection ≥10 ng/ml, the presence of hilar/mediastinal LN metastasis, the number of LMs ≥2, the maximum diameter of LMs ≥2.5 cm, and the necessity for hilar/mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified the number of negative LNs <13 (HR=3.01, 95% CI: 1.28-7.03, P=0.011), pN(+) of the PT (HR=5.04, 95% CI: 1.51-16.84, P=0.009), preoperative CEA level before LMs resection ≥10 ng/ml (HR=5.39, 95% CI: 1.80-16.19, P=0.003), the number of LMs ≥2 (HR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.09-5.60, P=0.030), and the necessity for hilar/mediastinal lymphadenectomy (HR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.15-6.52, P=0.023) as independent prognostic risk factors. Patients were categorized based on independent risk factors, revealing statistically significant differences in OS across the groups with CRS scores of ≤2, 3～4, and ≥5 (P＜0.001). Conclusions: Independent risk factors associated with LMs from CRC patients include the number of negative LNs <13, pN(+) of the PT, preoperative CEA level before LMs resection ≥10 ng/ml, the number of LMs ≥2, and the necessity for hilar/mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Patients scoring 3 or higher on the CRS model may warrant cautious assessment for the appropriateness of direct surgical treatment.

Objective: This multicenter retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features of duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) and identify prognostic factors for postoperative survival. Methods: Demographic characteristics, clinicopathological features, treatment outcomes and survival of DA patients undergoing surgical treatment at 18 Chinese medical centers from January 2012 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 2 056 DA patients included, 46.8% (963) had extra-ampullary DA (EA-DA), and 53.2% (1 093) had peri-ampullary DA (PA-DA). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for patients who underwent radical surgery were 93.2%, 71.0%, and 57.2%, respectively. The median overall survival was 76 months, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 65 months. No differences in survival were observed between the laparotomy group and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) group either before or after propensity score matching (OS: 76 vs. 75 months before PSM, P=0.986; OS: 75 vs. 75 months after PSM, P=0.602). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between-group in operation time and postoperative complications (P＞0.05). The MIS group experienced less intraoperative blood loss and shorter hospital stays. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that advanced age (HR=1.43,95% CI:1.18-1.73), elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels (HR=1.24,95% CI:1.02-1.51), perineural invasion (HR=1.44,95% CI:1.14-1.81), vascular invasion (HR=1.35,95% CI:1.07-1.71), advanced T stage (T3-4 vs. T1-2:HR=1.86,95% CI:1.49-2.31), regional lymph node metastasis (HR=1.93,95% CI:1.58-2.36), preoperative biliary drainage (HR=1.26,95% CI:1.04-1.53), intraoperative blood loss (HR=1.34,95% CI:1.11-1.62), clinically significant postoperative pancreatic fistulas (HR=1.53,95% CI:1.12-2.09), and postoperative hemorrhage (HR=1.62,95% CI:1.14-2.29) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis after surgery (all P＜0.05). Conclusions: Radical surgery is associated with favorable overall survival among DA patients, and no difference in survival is observed between EA-DA and PA-DA patients. MIS is a reliable alternative for DA treatment.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic and predictive value of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in gastric cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy. Methods: Clinical and pathological data, along with tumor tissue samples, were collected from 33 gastric cancer patients who received immunotherapy at Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University from January 2020 to December 2024. The density of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and expression patterns of CD3, CD20, PNAd, and BCL6 were systematically evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the associations between TLS characteristics and clinical outcomes, including objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Patients in the TLS-high infiltration group (TLSHigh) demonstrated significantly better outcomes compared to that of the TLS-low group (TLSLow), with higher ORR (58.8% vs 18.8%, P=0.019), DCR (94.1% vs 37.5%, <0.001), and markedly prolonged median PFS (276 vs 67 days, P＜0.000 1). Similarly, the BCL6-high expression group (BCL6High) showed superior treatment responses versus the BCL6-low group (BCL6Low), with significantly higher ORR (64.7% vs 12.5%, P=0.002), DCR (100.0% vs 31.3%, P＜0.001), and extended PFS (P＜0.001). Univariate and multivariable Cox regression confirmed TLS infiltration level as an independent favorable prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy (HR=0.147, 95% CI: 0.022-0.964, P=0.046). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed excellent predictive accuracy for both TLS infiltration [area under the curve (AUC)=0.885, P＜0.001] and the BCL6 scoring model (AUC=0.890, P＜0.001) in anticipating immunotherapy response. Conclusion: TLS density and BCL6 expression may serve as dual predictive and prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer immunotherapy, highlighting their clinical utility in patient stratification and treatment guidance.

Objectives: Cases from our hospital and a systematic review were performed in this paper to get a better understanding on the diagnosis and therapies for primary pulmonary NUT carcinoma (PPNC) patients. Methods: The clinical features, pathological diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of PPNC patients from 2020-2025, including four cases from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, were collected delicately. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to calculate cumulative survival and prognostic factors. Results: The male-to-female ratio of PPNC was 18∶15, the left to right ratio was 14∶19, the median age was 36 years old and the median tumor diameter was 6.1 cm. Most patients were already at an advanced stage with the clinical features-cough (16/33) and chest or back pain (13/33) when they first came to the hospital. The tumor cells were arranged in nest pattern with small-medium size, round to oval shape, and nuclei were deeply stained. The high positive staining of NUT (32/32) and CK-pan (16/19) was observed, NUTM1 gene translocation in 24 cases was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and different gene rearrangements were located by NGS-NUTM1-BRD4 (8/12), NUTM1-BRD3 (2/12), NUTM1-BRD2 (1/12) and NUTM1-ZNF532 (1/12). Most patients accepted different chemotherapy regimens (25/29), including paclitaxel albumin and platinum (13/25), etoposide and platinum (8/25). Meanwhile, 12 cases were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 antibody during the therapy. The median follow-up time was 7 months in 28 cases tracked from 2-90 months. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that metastasis of this disease affected patient prognosis (HR=2.55, 95% CI: 0.974-6.677, P=0.057) and the cumulative survival rate was lower in the older ones. Conclusions: PPNC, more often found in middle-aged patients, no difference in sex, can be diagnosed by pathmorphology and immunophenotype, while NUTM1 molecular test is highly suggested for the accurate therapy. Metastasis can be recognized as the prognostic risk factor. Early detection of the cancer improves the chances of successful treatment, especially in patients with older age.

Objective: Comparative study on the application value of bronchial ultrasound combined with different biopsy methods under thin-layer CT navigation in the diagnosis of malignant peripheral lung lesions. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with suspected malignant peripheral lung lesions identified by chest CT from January 2019 to September 2024 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, and Xianyang Central Hospital, who underwent routine bronchoscopy with negative results (209 cases). These patients were diagnosed using bronchial ultrasound under thin-layer CT navigation. The cases were divided into a cryobiopsy group (127 cases) and a conventional forceps biopsy group based on the biopsy method (82 cases). The diagnostic rates of the two groups were statistically analyzed, along with factors influencing the diagnostic rates. The tissue size obtained from both groups was compared, and the occurrence of complications was summarized. Results: This study included 209 cases with 216 peripheral lung lesions. A total of 209 cases with 210 lesions were successfully located through thin-slice CT guidance, resulting in a guiding success rate of 97.2% (210/216). Among the 130 lesions in the cryobiopsy group, 78 lesions were diagnosed as lung malignancies, with a diagnostic rate of 82.1% (64/78) for cryobiopsy in lung malignant lesions. In the forceps biopsy group, 46 of the 86 lesions were diagnosed as lung malignancies, with a diagnostic rate of 87.0% (40/46) for forceps biopsy in lung malignant lesions. There was no statistically significant difference between the two diagnostic rates (P=0.473). The average longest diameter of tissue obtained by cryobiopsy was (6.11±0.23) mm, while the average longest diameter of tissue obtained by forceps biopsy was (1.58±0.43) mm. There was a statistically significant difference in tissue longest diameter between the two groups (P＜0.001). When the distance from the bronchoscopic tip to the lesion was ≥3 cm and the most distal bronchus visible under bronchoscopy was ≤5th generation, the diagnostic rate of forceps biopsy was higher [83.3%(25/30) and 94.1%(32/34)] than that of cryobiopsy [79.3%(23/29) and 78.0%(46/59)], and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Regarding complications, one case (1.3%, 1/78) of clinically significant complications occurred in the cryobiopsy group, while no complications occurred in the forceps biopsy group. Conclusions: Under thin-layer CT navigation, bronchial ultrasound combined with different biopsy methods demonstrates a high diagnostic rate for malignant peripheral lung lesions and is safe to operate. Cryobiopsy allows for the collection of larger tissue specimens.

The classic principles of oncological surgery were accepted based the procedures from radical surgery for breast cancer described by Halsted in 1894, which can be summarized as tumor en bolc resection, clean surgical margin, regional lymph nodes dissection, and tumor-free technique. The classic principles of oncological surgery are the cornerstone of cancer surgical treatment and have significantly promoted the development of oncological surgery. The minimally invasive surgery is the trend of contemporary oncological surgery for the characteristics of minimal invasion, better tissue identification, precise manipulation, and fast postoperative recovery. Head and neck cancers are usually related to the upper aerodigestive tract, as well as important nerves and blood vessels in head and neck. The anatomical structures of the relative organs are intricate and delicate, and their functions are crucial. Therefore, there is an urgent need for minimally invasive surgical techniques. However, the head and neck cancers which are larger or located in some special sites such as the skull base have to be removed by piecemeal resection in minimally invasive surgery. The piecemeal resection of tumor increases the risks of tumor positive surgical margins and tumor implantation metastasis. The goal of radical surgery for cancers is to completely remove the tumor and obtain a really clean surgical margin. If head and neck cancer is indication for radical surgery, appropriate operative manipulation (en bloc or piecemeal resection) is able to achieve the goal of radical surgery. Giving attention to both the advantages of the principles of oncological surgery and minimally invasive surgical techniques benefits more patients with head and neck cancers from better survival rate and minor invasive morbidities.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women in China. According to GLOBOCAN 2022, more than 350,000 new breast cancer cases were diagnosed in China, ranking second among all newly diagnosed cancers in women. Although breast cancer has entered an era of chronic disease management and overall survival has improved substantially, the prognosis of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains unsatisfactory. The genome of MBC is characterized by spatiotemporal heterogeneity and may undergo dynamic evolution. With the continuous identification of actionable alterations, targeted therapies guided by genomic testing have emerged as an important approach to improving patient outcomes. Therefore, the implementation of standardized genomic testing in clinical practice has become an urgent priority. While several international and domestic guidelines have recommended genomic testing for MBC, China still lacks detailed technical specifications and clinical pathways tailored to advanced disease in the local healthcare context. Accordingly, it is imperative to establish a guideline for genomic testing in advanced breast cancer that reflects national realities, ensures strong clinical operability, unifies testing standards, and optimizes workflows, thereby expanding access to precision therapy and improving patient prognosis. Against this background, the Breast Cancer Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association convened a multidisciplinary working group experts. Following predefined methodological procedures-including clinical question prioritization, systematic evidence retrieval, graded evaluation, and formulation of recommendations-the guideline was developed. It integrates the latest evidence with multidisciplinary expert consensus, providing specific recommendations on key aspects of genomic testing for MBC, including patient eligibility, specimen selection, testing methodologies, and prioritization of target genes. In addition, the guideline systematically summarizes available targeted therapeutic strategies for different genomic alterations, and provides graded recommendations based on both levels of evidence and drug accessibility, thereby ensuring clarity and facilitating clinical implementation. This guideline is closely aligned with the realities of clinical practice and drug accessibility in China, with a strong emphasis on the feasibility of testing and the actionability of results. It establishes a multidisciplinary consensus on standardized pathways for genomic testing in patients with MBC, aiming to bridge precision diagnostics and individualized targeted therapy, and to provide practical guidance for improving the standardization of advanced breast cancer care nationwide.

Objective: To explore the value of ultrasound imaging characteristics combined with clinical indicators in assessing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients who underwent pancreatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) from September 2017 to October 2023 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital and were diagnosed with PDAC based on pathological findings. Various parameters were recorded, including CA19-9 levels, tumor size, location, morphologic features, echogenicity, presence of internal cystic components, dilatation of the main pancreatic duct, peripheral vascular invasion, CEUS characteristics, presence or absence of liver metastasis, and treatment methods. In April 2024, patient survival information was obtained through telephone follow-up or review of medical records. Based on the results of the cox regression model analysis, a nomogram model of the risk of death was developed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the model. The calibration curves were plotted to evaluate the accuracy of the model, and clinical decision curves were used to evaluate the clinical benefit of the model. Results: This study included a total of 207 patients with PDAC. As of April 2024, 71 patients were alive and 136 died, with a median survival time of 14 months (95%CI: 12-17). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the elevated CA19-9 (HR=1.689, 95%CI: 1.102-2.588), tumor size >4 cm (HR=1.641, 95%CI: 1.159-2.322), taller-than-wide shapes (HR=1.450, 95%CI: 1.019-2.065), incomplete hypo-enhancement (HR=1.618, 95%CI: 1.100-2.380), and liver metastasis (HR=1.687, 95%CI: 1.175-2.423) were independent risk factors for survival in patients with PDAC. A nomogram model was further constructed for 6-month, 12-month and 3-year survival of patients with PDAC. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.679, 0.705 and 0.815, respectively. The calibration curves suggested that the model was more accurate, and the clinical decision curves showed that the model had a better clinical benefit. Conclusion: The combined use of ultrasound imaging characteristics and clinical indicators could effectively predict the prognosis of PDAC patients. Specifically, tumor size >4 cm, taller-than-wide shapes, incomplete hypo-enhancement, elevated CA19-9, and the presence of liver metastasis are correlated with poorer survival outcomes. The nomogram model constructed on the basis of these factors can be used to assess the survival of patients with PDAC.

To assess the preliminary efficacy and safety of a dose-intensified C5VD regimen (cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and doxorubicin) in children with locally advanced hepatoblastoma.

To investigate the molecular mechanism by which salidroside inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer (GC) cells through upregulation of miR-1343-3p.

To systematically characterizes the temporal changes in urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) over the course of neoplastic progression using a mouse oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) model induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO).

To design a novel bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) dual-target inhibitor (11b), and to elucidate its therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms in suppressing prostate cancer through epigenetic regulation.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of preoperative peripheral hematological parameters combined with clinicopathological features for cervical lymph node metastasis（CLNM） in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma（LSCC）, and to construct and validate a nomogram model for CLNM. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 264 LSCC patients who underwent surgical treatment and were pathologically confirmed, collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Taian 88 Hospital. Specifically, 161 patients from one hospital were allocated to the training cohort, while 103 patients from another hospital constituted the validation cohort. Based on postoperative pathological results, patients were categorized into CLNM-positive and CLNM-negative groups. The general clinical data, clinicopathological features, and hematological parameters of the two groups were analyzed and compared. A preoperative predictive model for CLNM was developed using logistic regression analysis, followed by validation and sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of the model's predictive performance. Results:The results showed that there were significant differences in tumor location, tumor size, tumor differentiation, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, c-reactive protein（CRP）, fibrinogen, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio（NLR）, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio（PLR）, systemic immune-inflammation index（SII）, systemic inflammation response index（SIRI）, and prognostic inflammatory index（PIV） between the CLNM-positive and CLNM-negative groups（P<0.05）. Lasso regression identified tumor location, clinical T stage, tumor size, tumor differentiation degree, red blood cell distribution width（RDW） -coefficient of variation（RDW-CV）, CRP, FIB, D-dimer, NLR, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio（LMR） were the most predictive parameters. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that tumor location, tumor size, tumor differentiation degree, CRP, and NLR were independent risk factors for CLNM in LSCC patients（P<0.05）. A nomogram was constructed based on these five factors. The model demonstrated excellent discrimination, with a C-index of 0.837（95%CI 0.766-0.908） in the training cohort and 0.809（95%CI 0.698-0.920） in the validation cohort. Calibration curves and DCA curves in both cohorts confirmed the clinical utility of the model. Sensitivity analysis further supported the robustness of the results, showing good discrimination and calibration across different age and BMI subgroups. Conclusion:Tumor location, tumor size, tumor differentiation degree, CRP, and NLR were independent risk factors for CLNM in LSCC patients. The nomogram based on these variables exhibits strong discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability, and may serve as a valuable tool for preoperative risk assessment and individualized treatment planning.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Zhiwei Fuwei Pills on mitochondrial apoptosis in the rat model of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC) based on the microRNA-21(miRNA-21)/B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) signaling pathway. Eighty-five 5-week-old male SPF-grade SD rats were selected, of which 75 were fed with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) for multifactorial modeling, and the PLGC model was established after 26 weeks. The rats were randomly grouped as follows: model, folic acid(0.002 g·kg~(-1)), low-dose(0.42 g·kg~(-1)) Zhiwei Fuwei Pills, medium-dose(0.84 g·kg~(-1)) Zhiwei Fuwei Pills, and high-dose(1.67 g·kg~(-1)) Zhiwei Fuwei Pills, with 15 rats in each group. Additionally, 10 rats were assigned to a blank group and administrated with an equivalent volume of normal saline by gavage. After four weeks of continuous drug administration, the gastric mucosal tissue was collected. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to reveal the pathological changes in the gastric mucosa. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) was employed to detect apoptosis in gastric mucosal epithelial cells. RT-PCR was adopted to determine the mRNA levels of miRNA-21, phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN), Bcl-2, Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease 3(caspase-3). Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of PTEN, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to detect the positive expression of PTEN, Bcl-2, and Bax in the gastric mucosal tissue. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was employed to observe the morphological and structural changes in mitochondria. The results showed that compared with model group, the drug administration groups showed alleviated pathological changes, with increased apoptotic cells, down-regulated mRNA levels of miRNA-21 and Bcl-2, up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of PTEN, Bax, and caspase-3, and down-regulated protein level of Bcl-2. In addition, the drug administration groups exhibited mitochondrial swelling and rupture and reduction of cristae, which indicated mitochondrial apoptosis. These findings suggest that Zhiwei Fuwei Pills can effectively improve mitochondrial apoptosis in PLGC cells by regulating the miRNA-21/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.