Amivantamab is the first fully humanized bispecific antibody approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the world. Amivantamab can block epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and mesenchymal-epithelial transformation factor (MET) pathway simultaneously, trigger the internalization and degradation of EGFR and MET, and activate the antitumor immune response. Amivantamab has been approved by the National Medical Products Administration for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation, EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R substitution mutation, and is expected to be widely used in clinical practice soon. How to reasonably manage the adverse reactions related to amivantamab and maximize its efficacy is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the existing medical evidence, combined with clinical experience, the expert group of this consensus finally formulated this "Expert consensus on amivantamab clinical application and adverse reaction management (2025 edition)" after multiple discussions. The contents of the consensus include the clinical use and management of adverse reactions of amivantamab. The recommendations focus on the prevention of infusion-related reactions, skin adverse reactions, venous thromboembolism, peripheral edema, oral mucositis, ocular toxicity and interstitial lung disease, amivantamab dose adjustment and treatment when adverse events occur, in order to provide guidance for clinicians to correctly use amivantamab and manage related adverse reactions.

Bone metastasis from lung cancer is one of the common complications in patients with advanced lung cancer, which can lead to pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, bone surgery, bone radiotherapy, and other skeletal related events (SREs), severely affecting the quality of life and prognosis of patients. The Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology convened a multidisciplinary expert panel comprising specialists from respiratory medicine, oncology, orthopedics, radiation oncology, nuclear medicine, radiology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery to develop this consensus. It is based on domestic and international evidence-based medicine and clinical practice experience, and was formulated through repeated consultations and thorough discussions. The consensus provides nine recommendations from six perspectives: diagnosis, screening, treatment strategies, bone-targeted drug treatment strategies and management of adverse reactions, local treatment, and efficacy evaluation. These recommendations are intended for reference and used by relevant medical personnel. The development of this consensus aims to provide scientific and practical guidance for clinicians, with the expectation of improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients.

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in China. Standardized pathological diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for determining clinical strategy and evaluating prognosis. Currently, there are issues such as relatively lagging overall construction, uneven diagnostic levels and inaccessibility to advanced diagnostic techniques in the pathology departments of county-level and prefectural medical institutions within the close-knit medical alliance in China. To implement the national policy on the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, standardize the pathological diagnosis of lung cancer in county-level and prefectural medical institutions to meet the basic needs of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, and support the advancement of the Healthy China strategy and the construction of a close-knit medical alliance, experts were organized by the Lung Cancer Group of the Pathology Committee of the China Anti-Cancer Association, to develop comprehensive consensus recommendations and their levels to promote the standardization of the entire process of lung cancer pathological diagnosis. This was done by combining domestic and international guidelines and current domestic situation, focusing on three types of specimen: cytology, biopsy and surgical resection. The consensus framework is constructed and elaborated from five aspects: pre-processing of specimen standardization, morphological pathological assessment, immunohistochemistry, special staining, molecular pathological detection and standardized reporting. It also covers issues of concern in industry such as postoperative pathological assessment after neoadjuvant therapy and intraoperative frozen diagnosis. During the process of consensus formation, the Delphi questionnaire survey and consensus conference method were used, by combination of online and offline forms. The consensus focuses on the standardization and feasibility of application, aiming to promote the standardization of lung cancer pathological diagnosis and provide guiding suggestions for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of lung cancer in county-level and prefectural medical institutions.

Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas (RPS) represent a clinically challenging group of heterogeneous mesenchymal malignancies, predominantly comprising liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma subtypes. These tumors are characterized by aggressive biological behavior, high rates of local recurrence, and unfavorable clinical outcomes. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) serves as a critical regulator of diverse physiological processes, including adipocyte differentiation, glucose/lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and immune homeostasis. Emerging evidence demonstrates that dysregulation of PPARγ signaling is closely associated with RPS pathogenesis, particularly in retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS), where PPARγ functional inactivation or aberrant expression correlates significantly with tumor grade and clinical progression. While preclinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonists in suppressing tumor proliferation and inducing apoptosis, clinical translation has been limited by intertumoral heterogeneity in drug responsiveness and dose-limiting adverse effects. This review systematically examines the molecular biology of PPARγ and its emerging role in RPS pathobiology, with the aim of informing precision diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this complex disease entity.

Objective Through integrated omics analysis of melanoma clinical samples, this study aims to investigate the clinical significance of solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5) expression and its correlation with the tumor immune microenvironment. Methods Transcriptomic data from melanoma tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other databases were analyzed. Cox regression and log-rank tests were used to evaluate the correlation between SLC1A5 expression and patient survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore potential functional mechanisms. The correlation between SLC1A5 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, immune infiltration and immunomodulatory molecule expression were systematically analyzed. Results Metastatic melanoma exhibited significantly higher SLC1A5 expression than primary melanoma. Elevated SLC1A5 expression correlated with worse overall survival (OS), progression-free interval (PFI) and disease-free interval (DFI) in melanoma patients. GSEA revealed significant enrichment of metastasis-related pathway, anti-apoptotic process, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and immunomodulatory pathway in SLC1A5-high tumors. Furthermore, SLC1A5 expression correlated with immune infiltration (T cells, monocytes and M2-type macrophages), and positively correlated with immune checkpoint molecules [cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), poliovirus receptor-like 2 (PVRL2)], chemokines [C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18), CCL20] and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), while negatively correlating with T cell chemokines [C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9)/CXCL10/CXCL11]. Conclusion SLC1A5 serves as an independent prognostic biomarker in melanoma. Its overexpression may shape an immunesuppressive microenvironment by dysregulating immune molecules expression and cellular infiltration, ultimately facilitating immune escape and malignant progression.

To investigate the expression of the 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 (PSMD11) in gastric cancer and its impact on long-term patient prognosis. Methods Tumor and adjacent tissue samples were collected from a cohort of 94 gastric cancer patients treated at our hospital from January, 2016 to December, 2019. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect PSMD11 and Ki67 expression levels in the tissues, whose correlations with clinicopathological parameters and postoperative 5-year survival of the patients were analyzed. PSMD11 expression in gastric cancer was also analyzed using data from the GEPIA and UALCAN databases, while the KM-plotter database was used to predict 5-year survival rates. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were employed to predict the biological functions and mechanisms of PSMD11. In cultured HGC-27 cells, the effects of PSMD11 knockdown and overexpression on cell migration, invasion and expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and TGF‑β/Smad pathway proteins were evaluated using scratch wound healing assay, Transwell assay, and Western blotting.

To investigate the inhibitory effect of polyphyllin VII (PP7) on osteosarcoma xenograft growth in mice and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.

To investigate the clinical significance of abnormal expression of angio-associated migratory cell protein (AAMP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

To investigate the regulatory effect of Serpin Family E Member 1 (SERPINE1) on immune microenvironment and paclitaxel (PTX) resistance of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.

Objective: Profiling tumor cell heterogeneity before and after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients to delineate the cellular evolutionary trajectory at single-cell resolution, thereby identifying potential targets for intervention. Methods: Using a case-control study design, a female patient with breast cancer admitted to the Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine in September 2020 was enrolled as the subject. Fresh tumor tissue samples, collected both before and after chemotherapy, were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing to assess transcriptomic profiles and observe the impact of chemotherapy on the intratumoral microenvironment. Specifically, a pre-chemotherapy biopsy sample was obtained in June 2020, and a post-chemotherapy surgical resection sample was obtained in September 2020. Pathological diagnosis confirmed Grade Ⅲ invasive ductal carcinoma for both samples, with a molecular subtype of Luminal B. Results: A significance threshold of |log₂FC|>2 and a P-value <0.05 were set to define statistically significant differences for subsequent bioinformatic analysis. Sequencing data revealed that a total of 8 599 cells were profiled in this study, with 4 180 (48.6%) and 4 419 (51.4%) cells derived from pre- and post-chemotherapy tumor tissues, respectively. It characterized the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment and identified 13 distinct cell clusters. These included basal cells, pericytes, plasma cells, T cells, B cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, NK cells, mast cells, epithelial cells, macrophages, cycling cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Signaling pathways and transcription factors associated with these cell clusters were subsequently analyzed and subjected to enrichment analysis. Furthermore, this study delineated the precise cellular architecture and developmental trajectories of breast cancer before and after chemotherapy. It also predicted that the APOD, ELN, and F2R genes may play pivotal roles in disease progression. Conclusion: This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity in a breast cancer patient before and after chemotherapy. The findings may provide a clinically informative direction for identifying novel potential therapeutic targets during chemotherapy, prior to primary tumor resection.

A retrospective analysis of clinicopathological features was conducted on 10 cases of thyroid tumors with PTEN mutations from Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, and the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2020 to 2024. Histomorphological features were quantified using the Thyroid Histomorphological PTEN Hamartoma Syndrome (PHTS) scoring system(THiPS), immunophenotypic profiling and genetic features were examined via immunohistochemical staining and next-generation sequencing respectively. The cohort included 3 males and 7 females, with the age [M(Q1,Q3)] of 68.0(53.0, 74.0) years. Those 10 cases included papillary thyroid carcinomas (3 cases), oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid (2 cases), follicular thyroid carcinoma (1 case), differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma (1 case), and thyroid low risk neoplasm (3 cases). The cases in this study had low THiPS scores [(1.0±1.15) scores], and all lacked the characteristic morphological features of PHTS. Immunohistochemical staining showed that loss of PTEN expression was confirmed in 7 cases, positive expression was found in 3 cases with non-sense PTEN mutation. Molecular analysis revealed co-mutations with PTEN in 80% of cases (8/10), including BRAFV600E(3 cases), TERT promoter (4 cases), and TP53 mutations (2 cases), while 2 cases harbored PTEN-only mutations. Follow-up data were obtained for 6 cases, with a follow-up period of 15.0 (9.0, 20.0) months. Among them, 1 case was initially diagnosed with OCT pulmonary metastasis, while the remaining 5 cases showed no recurrence or metastatic lesions during the follow-up period. The THiPS score has limited diagnostic value for thyroid tumors with PTEN alteration. Negative PTEN immunohistochemical staining may suggest a PTEN mutation, but positive staining does not exclude a genetic alteration. PTEN gene mutations can be combined with BRAF, TERT, and TP53 alteration.

To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of reoperation cases after thermal ablation treatment for thyroid carcinoma, the restrospective analysis included 40 patients with thyroid cancer who underwent reoperation after thermal ablation treatment in the Department of Thyroid Surgery of the First Hospital of China Medical University from December 2014 to April 2025, with an average age of (48.3±12.9) years including 9 male patients. A total of 49 cancer foci underwent thermal ablation treatment. Before thermal ablation, fine-needle aspiration was performed in all 40 patients (49 cancer foci), but 31 patients (37 cancer foci) underwent thermal ablation without obtaining cytological pathology. The maximum diameter of the cancer foci before thermal ablation was (1.50±0.99) cm, with 29 cancer foci≥1 cm and 20 cancer foci <1 cm. Nineteen cancer foci were adjacent to the thyroid capsule. Postoperative pathology confirmed that 29 patients (33 cancer foci) still had residual cancer foci. The residual rate of lesions with a maximum diameter≥1 cm was higher than that of lesions with a maximum diameter<1 cm [79.3% (23/29) vs 50.0% (10/20), P=0.032]. The residual rate of cancer foci adjacent to the thyroid capsule was higher than that of those far from the thyroid capsule [89.5% (17/19) vs 53.3% (16/30), P=0.009)]. Three cases had occult multifocal cancer, and 14 patients had metastatic lymph nodes. One patient with follicular carcinoma had multiple bone metastases. The results of this study suggest that non-standard initial thermal ablation treatment may lead to residual cancer foci or metastatic lymph nodes. For patients that are eligible for surgery,thermal ablation should not be blindly promoted or overused as an initial treatment.

Objective: To explore the correlation between obesity and ultrasonic malignant features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 8 483 patients who underwent thyroid surgery and were postoperatively diagnosed with PTC at China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University between January 2008 and December 2017. The cohort included 1 580 males and 6 903 females, with the age [M(Q1,Q3)] of 42.0(36.0,49.0) years. Patients were divided into the non-obese group and the obese group based on whether their body mass index was≥28 kg/m². Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to conduct 1∶1 matching for variables such as gender and history of diabetes. Core ultrasound features and thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) scores were compared between the two groups. Subgroup analyses were performed based on gender. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the correlation between obesity and malignant ultrasonic features of PTC. Results: After PSM, each group consisted of 1 762 patients, and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, diabetes history, family history of thyroid cancer, the maximum tumor diameter was>1 cm, multifocality, extraglandular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (all P>0.05). The proportion of punctate hyperechoic foci (microcalcifications) in the obese group was lower than that in the non-obese group [33.1% (584/1 762) vs 37.9% (668/1 762), P=0.009]. Subgroup analysis by gender revealed that among obese males, the proportions of markedly hypoechoic nodules [4.9% (34/692) vs 2.7% (19/694)] and coarse calcifications [25.0% (173/692) vs 19.3% (134/694)] were higher than those in the non-obese group, while the proportion of punctate hyperechoic foci was lower [35.6% (246/692) vs 42.4% (294/694)] (all P<0.05). Among females, there were no statistically significant differences in any ultrasound features between the obese and non-obese groups (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall distribution of TIRADS risk categories in thyroid nodules between the obese and non-obese groups (P=0.054). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that obesity was a significant factor associated with the presence of peripheral calcification or punctate hyperechoic foci in thyroid ultrasound findings (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.70-0.93). Conclusions: Obesity is associated with a decreased display rate of a key malignant ultrasound feature in PTC -- punctate hyperechoic foci. The incidence of this feature is lower in obese males compared to non-obese males.

Central neck compartment metastases are most commonly found in papillary thyroid cancer(PTC) patients. Central neck dissection (CND), encompassing lymph node levels Ⅵ and Ⅶ, remains controversial when performed prophylactically CND (pCND) in clinically node-negative (cN0) PTC patients. Current guidelines, consensus statements, and literatures lack a unified, objective criterion for determining cN0 status. The reasons for the controversy surrounding pCND lie in the varying oncological benefits and complication rates of pCND reported in different studies for cN0 PTC patients, as well as the inconsistent research conclusions drawn by scholars from China and the West. Currently, there is insufficient evidence from large-sample, long-term follow-up randomized controlled trials to support the oncologic benefits of pCND. Therefore, the application of non-long-term follow-up study results regarding pCND in cN0 PTC should be interpreted and approached with caution. Furthermore, there is no established quality control indicators for CND. Anatomic landmark-guided standardized CND is crucial for ensuring the quality control of pCND.

Objective: To analyze the current status of diagnosis, treatment and prognostic factors of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) using a multicenter cohort database. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 882 patients with PDTC/ATC who received treatment from 14 centers between January 2016 and June 2025. There were 346 cases of PDTC and 536 cases of ATC, including 424 cases of conventional ATC (con-ATC) and 112 cases of coexisting papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (co-PTC/ATC). Demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment and follow-up data were collected. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, and Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to evaluate the factors influencing overall survival (OS). Results: This cohort included 514 females and 368 males. 74.72%(659/882) of the patients were over 55 years. At the time of diagnosis, the tumors frequently invaded vital adjacent structures, with 58.28% (514/882) of patients presenting with stage T3b-T4b disease. Distant metastases were observed in 27.66% (244/882) of patients, most commonly involving the lungs (78.28%, 191/244). The median OS of con-ATC patients was 8.0 months (95%CI: 7.0-10.0). The median OS of co-PTC/ATC patients was 36.0 months (95%CI: 18.0-65.0), that of PDTC patients was 104.0 months (95%CI: 72.0-NA). Patients who underwent surgery as the initial treatment appeared to have prolonged survival compared with those receiving systemic therapy (surgery 36.0 months (95%CI: 28.0-57.0) vs systemic therapy 12.0 months (95%CI: 9.0-17.0): HR (95%CI)=1.342 (1.100-1.637), P=0.004). Among patients who underwent R2 resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, OS did not differ significantly from that of patients who achieved R0 or R1 resection (R0/R1 resection 44.0 months (95%CI: 32.0-65.0) vs R2 resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy 25.0 months (95%CI: 18.0-46.0): HR (95%CI)=0.860 (0.654-1.131), P=0.279). For patients with unresectable PDTC/ATC, combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy were associated with superior overall survival compared with other systemic treatment regimens (combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy 13.0 months (95%CI: 9.0-27.0) vs other systemic treatment regimens 9.0 months (95%CI: 6.0-16.0): HR (95%CI)=0.681 (0.495-0.936), P=0.018). Conclusions: Long-term survival is achievable in selected patients with PDTC/ATC through active multimodal treatment. When formulating treatment strategies, radical surgery should be considered as the key to cure.

As essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have attracted much attention in the field of tumor metabolism in recent years. This article reviews the metabolic characteristics of BCAAs in tumors and discusses their involvement in tumorigenesis and development through regulating signaling pathways, affecting the immune microenvironment, and promoting tumor metastasis. Research has shown that abnormal BCAA metabolism is closely related to the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of various tumors. By regulating BCAA metabolism, it is expected to provide new targets and strategies for tumor treatment. Indepth research on the specific mechanisms of BCAAs in tumors will provide more evidence for precision cancer treatment.

To study the clinical characteristics, imaging findings, pathological features, treatment methods, and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children.