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1. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Dena Ettehad.;Connor A Emdin.;Amit Kiran.;Simon G Anderson.;Thomas Callender.;Jonathan Emberson.;John Chalmers.;Anthony Rodgers.;Kazem Rahimi.
来源: Lancet. 2016年387卷10022期957-967页
The benefits of blood pressure lowering treatment for prevention of cardiovascular disease are well established. However, the extent to which these effects differ by baseline blood pressure, presence of comorbidities, or drug class is less clear. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify these differences.
2. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Xinfang Xie.;Emily Atkins.;Jicheng Lv.;Alexander Bennett.;Bruce Neal.;Toshiharu Ninomiya.;Mark Woodward.;Stephen MacMahon.;Fiona Turnbull.;Graham S Hillis.;John Chalmers.;Jonathan Mant.;Abdul Salam.;Kazem Rahimi.;Vlado Perkovic.;Anthony Rodgers.
来源: Lancet. 2016年387卷10017期435-43页
Recent hypertension guidelines have reversed previous recommendations for lower blood pressure targets in high-risk patients, such as those with cardiovascular disease, renal disease, or diabetes. This change represents uncertainty about whether more intensive blood pressure-lowering strategies are associated with greater reductions in risk of major cardiovascular and renal events. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intensive blood pressure-lowering strategies.
3. Radiation exposure in relation to the arterial access site used for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Guillaume Plourde.;Samir B Pancholy.;Jim Nolan.;Sanjit Jolly.;Sunil V Rao.;Imdad Amhed.;Sripal Bangalore.;Tejas Patel.;Johannes B Dahm.;Olivier F Bertrand.
来源: Lancet. 2015年386卷10009期2192-203页
Transradial access for cardiac catheterisation results in lower bleeding and vascular complications than the traditional transfemoral access route. However, the increased radiation exposure potentially associated with transradial access is a possible drawback of this method. Whether transradial access is associated with a clinically significant increase in radiation exposure that outweighs its benefits is unclear. Our aim was therefore to compare radiation exposure between transradial access and transfemoral access for diagnostic coronary angiograms and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).
4. Epilepsy in pregnancy and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Luz Viale.;John Allotey.;Fiona Cheong-See.;David Arroyo-Manzano.;Dougall Mccorry.;Manny Bagary.;Luciano Mignini.;Khalid S Khan.;Javier Zamora.;Shakila Thangaratinam.; .
来源: Lancet. 2015年386卷10006期1845-52页
Antenatal care of women with epilepsy is varied. The association of epilepsy and antiepileptic drug exposure with pregnancy outcomes needs to be quantified to guide management. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between epilepsy and reproductive outcomes, with or without exposure to antiepileptic drugs.
5. Prioritisation of surgery in the National Health Strategic Plans of Africa: a systematic review.
Disease amenable to surgical intervention accounts for 11-15% of world disability and there is increasing interest in surgery as a global public health issue. National Health Strategic Plans (NHSPs) have been established in most countries and reflect their long-term health priorities, plans, and targets. To assess surgery's perceived importance in Africa, we reviewed its place in all such available plans.
6. Global surgical and anaesthetic task shifting: a systematic literature review and survey.
作者: Frederik Federspiel.;Swagoto Mukhopadhyay.;Penelope Milsom.;John W Scott.;Johanna N Riesel.;John G Meara.
来源: Lancet. 2015年385 Suppl 2卷S46页
Billions of people worldwide lack access to surgical care; this is in part driven by severe shortages in the global surgical workforce. Task shifting, the movement of tasks to associate clinicians or non-specialist physicians, is a commonly implemented yet often contentious strategy to expand the surgical workforce. A more complete understanding of the global distribution and use of surgical and anaesthetic task shifting is needed to strengthen strategic planning efforts to bridge the gap between surgical and anaesthetic providers. We aimed to document the use of task shifting worldwide with an in-depth review of the literature and subsequent confirmation of practices through a provider survey.
7. Surgical care by non-surgeons in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.
作者: Marguerite Hoyler.;Lars Hagander.;Rowan Gillies.;Robert Riviello.;Kathryn Chu.;Staffan Bergström.;John G Meara.
来源: Lancet. 2015年385 Suppl 2卷S42页
Anecdotal evidence suggests that task-shifting or the redistribution of responsibilities from fully-trained surgeons to clinicians with fewer qualifications could become a major component of surgical care delivery in many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our goal was to summarise the scope of surgical task-shifting in LMICs through a systematic review of the medical literature.
8. General surgery education: a systematic review of training worldwide.
作者: Yasmin A Zerhouni.;Nancy Abu-Bonsrah.;Mira Mehes.;Seth Goldstein.;Jo Buyske.;Fizan Abdullah.
来源: Lancet. 2015年385 Suppl 2卷S39页
Surgical care is an essential component of health management worldwide. As the prevalence of injuries and non-communicable diseases increases, the provision of effective surgical care will become an increasingly important priority to reduce death and disability. To assess the ability of health systems to meet current surgical needs, we did a review of surgical training programmes worldwide.
9. Neonatal surgery in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of challenges of management and outcome.
Advances in diagnostic techniques and perioperative care have greatly improved the outcome of neonatal surgery. Despite this, disparity still exists in the outcome of neonatal surgery between high-income countries and low-income and middle-income countries. This study reviews publications on neonatal surgery in Africa over 20 years with a focus on challenges of management, trends in outcome, and potential interventions to improve outcome.
10. Use and definitions of perioperative mortality rates in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.
作者: Joshua S Ng-Kamstra.;Sarah L M Greenberg.;Meera Kotagal.;Charlotta L Palmqvist.;Francis Y X Lai.;Rishitha Bollam.;John G Meara.;Russell L Gruen.
来源: Lancet. 2015年385 Suppl 2卷S29页
Aggregate and risk-stratified perioperative mortality rates (POMR) are well-documented in high-income countries where surgical databases are common. In many low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, such data are unavailable, compromising efforts to understand and improve surgical outcomes. We undertook a systematic review to determine how POMR is used and defined in LMICs and to inform baseline rates.
11. Prevalence of chronic pain in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Tracy Jackson.;Sarah Thomas.;Victoria Stabile.;Xue Han.;Matthew Shotwell.;Kelly McQueen.
来源: Lancet. 2015年385 Suppl 2卷S10页
The global burden of chronic pain and disability could be related to unmet surgical needs. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to characterise existing data regarding the prevalence and associations of chronic pain in low-income and middle-income countries; this is essential to allow better assessment of its relationship to pre-operative and post-operative pain as emergency and essential surgical services are expanded.
12. Emergency department attendance by patients with cancer in the last month of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Lesley Henson.;Wei Gao.;Irene Higginson.;Melinda Smith.;Joanna Davies.;Clare Ellis-Smith.;Barbara Daveson.
来源: Lancet. 2015年385 Suppl 1卷S41页
Emergency department visits towards the end of life by people with cancer are increasing over time. This increase has occurred despite evidence of an association with poor patient outcomes, the majority of patients preferring home-based care, and significant overcrowding and capacity concerns for many emergency departments. We aimed to explore factors associated with emergency department attendance by cancer patients in the last month of life.
13. Topical emollient for prevention of infection in preterm infants: a systematic review.
Breakdown of the developmentally immature epidermal barrier in the preterm infant can permit entry of microorganisms leading to invasive infection. Topical emollients might improve skin integrity and barrier function and thereby prevent invasive infection, a major cause of mortality and morbidity in these infants. The aim of this study was to appraise and synthesise the evidence for topical application of emollients in the prevention of invasive infection and mortality in preterm infants.
14. Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603,838 individuals.
作者: Mika Kivimäki.;Markus Jokela.;Solja T Nyberg.;Archana Singh-Manoux.;Eleonor I Fransson.;Lars Alfredsson.;Jakob B Bjorner.;Marianne Borritz.;Hermann Burr.;Annalisa Casini.;Els Clays.;Dirk De Bacquer.;Nico Dragano.;Raimund Erbel.;Goedele A Geuskens.;Mark Hamer.;Wendela E Hooftman.;Irene L Houtman.;Karl-Heinz Jöckel.;France Kittel.;Anders Knutsson.;Markku Koskenvuo.;Thorsten Lunau.;Ida E H Madsen.;Martin L Nielsen.;Maria Nordin.;Tuula Oksanen.;Jan H Pejtersen.;Jaana Pentti.;Reiner Rugulies.;Paula Salo.;Martin J Shipley.;Johannes Siegrist.;Andrew Steptoe.;Sakari B Suominen.;Töres Theorell.;Jussi Vahtera.;Peter J M Westerholm.;Hugo Westerlund.;Dermot O'Reilly.;Meena Kumari.;G David Batty.;Jane E Ferrie.;Marianna Virtanen.; .
来源: Lancet. 2015年386卷10005期1739-46页
Long working hours might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but prospective evidence is scarce, imprecise, and mostly limited to coronary heart disease. We aimed to assess long working hours as a risk factor for incident coronary heart disease and stroke.
15. Music as an aid for postoperative recovery in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Music is a non-invasive, safe, and inexpensive intervention that can be delivered easily and successfully. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether music improves recovery after surgical procedures.
16. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013.
作者: Aparna Schweitzer.;Johannes Horn.;Rafael T Mikolajczyk.;Gérard Krause.;Jördis J Ott.
来源: Lancet. 2015年386卷10003期1546-55页
The quantification of the burden of disease attributable to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the adaptation of prevention and control measures requires knowledge on its prevalence in the general population. For most countries such data are not routinely available. We estimated the national, regional, and global prevalence of chronic HBV infection.
17. Risk of serious infection in biological treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Jasvinder A Singh.;Chris Cameron.;Shahrzad Noorbaloochi.;Tyler Cullis.;Matthew Tucker.;Robin Christensen.;Elizabeth Tanjong Ghogomu.;Doug Coyle.;Tammy Clifford.;Peter Tugwell.;George A Wells.
来源: Lancet. 2015年386卷9990期258-65页
Serious infections are a major concern for patients considering treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Evidence is inconsistent as to whether biological drugs are associated with an increased risk of serious infection compared with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of serious infections in patients treated with biological drugs compared with those treated with traditional DMARDs.
18. Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review.
作者: Thaminda Liyanage.;Toshiharu Ninomiya.;Vivekanand Jha.;Bruce Neal.;Halle Marie Patrice.;Ikechi Okpechi.;Ming-hui Zhao.;Jicheng Lv.;Amit X Garg.;John Knight.;Anthony Rodgers.;Martin Gallagher.;Sradha Kotwal.;Alan Cass.;Vlado Perkovic.
来源: Lancet. 2015年385卷9981期1975-82页
End-stage kidney disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevalence of the disease and worldwide use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) are expected to rise sharply in the next decade. We aimed to quantify estimates of this burden.
19. Extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Sammy Elmariah.;Laura Mauri.;Gheorghe Doros.;Benjamin Z Galper.;Kelly E O'Neill.;Philippe Gabriel Steg.;Dean J Kereiakes.;Robert W Yeh.
来源: Lancet. 2015年385卷9970期792-8页
Treatment with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor is commonly used in patients with cardiovascular disorders. The overall effect of such treatment on all-cause mortality is unknown. In the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) Study, continuation of dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 12 months after coronary stenting was associated with an unexpected increase in non-cardiovascular death. In view of the potential public health importance of these findings, we aimed to assess the effect of extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy on mortality by doing a meta-analysis of all randomised, controlled trials of treatment duration in various cardiovascular disorders.
20. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and basal insulin combination treatment for the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Conrad Eng.;Caroline K Kramer.;Bernard Zinman.;Ravi Retnakaran.
来源: Lancet. 2014年384卷9961期2228-34页
Combination treatment with a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist and basal insulin has been proposed as a treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes that could provide robust glucose-lowering capability with low risk of hypoglycaemia or weight gain. We thus did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to assess the effect of this combination treatment on glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia, and weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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