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1. Kidney-Failure Risk Projection for the Living Kidney-Donor Candidate.
作者: Morgan E Grams.;Yingying Sang.;Andrew S Levey.;Kunihiro Matsushita.;Shoshana Ballew.;Alex R Chang.;Eric K H Chow.;Bertram L Kasiske.;Csaba P Kovesdy.;Girish N Nadkarni.;Varda Shalev.;Dorry L Segev.;Josef Coresh.;Krista L Lentine.;Amit X Garg.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年374卷5期411-21页
Evaluation of candidates to serve as living kidney donors relies on screening for individual risk factors for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To support an empirical approach to donor selection, we developed a tool that simultaneously incorporates multiple health characteristics to estimate a person's probable long-term risk of ESRD if that person does not donate a kidney.
3. Cystatin C versus creatinine in determining risk based on kidney function.
作者: Michael G Shlipak.;Kunihiro Matsushita.;Johan Ärnlöv.;Lesley A Inker.;Ronit Katz.;Kevan R Polkinghorne.;Dietrich Rothenbacher.;Mark J Sarnak.;Brad C Astor.;Josef Coresh.;Andrew S Levey.;Ron T Gansevoort.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2013年369卷10期932-43页
Adding the measurement of cystatin C to that of serum creatinine to determine the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improves accuracy, but the effect on detection, staging, and risk classification of chronic kidney disease across diverse populations has not been determined.
4. Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis.
作者: George Thanassoulis.;Catherine Y Campbell.;David S Owens.;J Gustav Smith.;Albert V Smith.;Gina M Peloso.;Kathleen F Kerr.;Sonali Pechlivanis.;Matthew J Budoff.;Tamara B Harris.;Rajeev Malhotra.;Kevin D O'Brien.;Pia R Kamstrup.;Børge G Nordestgaard.;Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen.;Matthew A Allison.;Thor Aspelund.;Michael H Criqui.;Susan R Heckbert.;Shih-Jen Hwang.;Yongmei Liu.;Marketa Sjogren.;Jesper van der Pals.;Hagen Kälsch.;Thomas W Mühleisen.;Markus M Nöthen.;L Adrienne Cupples.;Muriel Caslake.;Emanuele Di Angelantonio.;John Danesh.;Jerome I Rotter.;Sigurdur Sigurdsson.;Quenna Wong.;Raimund Erbel.;Sekar Kathiresan.;Olle Melander.;Vilmundur Gudnason.;Christopher J O'Donnell.;Wendy S Post.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2013年368卷6期503-12页
Limited information is available regarding genetic contributions to valvular calcification, which is an important precursor of clinical valve disease.
5. TREM2 variants in Alzheimer's disease.
作者: Rita Guerreiro.;Aleksandra Wojtas.;Jose Bras.;Minerva Carrasquillo.;Ekaterina Rogaeva.;Elisa Majounie.;Carlos Cruchaga.;Celeste Sassi.;John S K Kauwe.;Steven Younkin.;Lilinaz Hazrati.;John Collinge.;Jennifer Pocock.;Tammaryn Lashley.;Julie Williams.;Jean-Charles Lambert.;Philippe Amouyel.;Alison Goate.;Rosa Rademakers.;Kevin Morgan.;John Powell.;Peter St George-Hyslop.;Andrew Singleton.;John Hardy.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2013年368卷2期117-27页
Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in TREM2, encoding the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 protein, have previously been associated with an autosomal recessive form of early-onset dementia.
6. A pooled analysis of vitamin D dose requirements for fracture prevention.
作者: Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari.;Walter C Willett.;Endel J Orav.;Paul Lips.;Pierre J Meunier.;Ronan A Lyons.;Leon Flicker.;John Wark.;Rebecca D Jackson.;Jane A Cauley.;Haakon E Meyer.;Michael Pfeifer.;Kerrie M Sanders.;Hannes B Stähelin.;Robert Theiler.;Bess Dawson-Hughes.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2012年367卷1期40-9页
The results of meta-analyses examining the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and fracture reduction have been inconsistent.
7. Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors.
作者: Markus Juonala.;Costan G Magnussen.;Gerald S Berenson.;Alison Venn.;Trudy L Burns.;Matthew A Sabin.;Sathanur R Srinivasan.;Stephen R Daniels.;Patricia H Davis.;Wei Chen.;Cong Sun.;Michael Cheung.;Jorma S A Viikari.;Terence Dwyer.;Olli T Raitakari.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2011年365卷20期1876-85页
Obesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight or obese as children but not obese as adults.
8. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men.
作者: Dariush Mozaffarian.;Tao Hao.;Eric B Rimm.;Walter C Willett.;Frank B Hu.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2011年364卷25期2392-404页
Specific dietary and other lifestyle behaviors may affect the success of the straightforward-sounding strategy "eat less and exercise more" for preventing long-term weight gain.
11. Genomewide association studies of stroke.
作者: M Arfan Ikram.;Sudha Seshadri.;Joshua C Bis.;Myriam Fornage.;Anita L DeStefano.;Yurii S Aulchenko.;Stephanie Debette.;Thomas Lumley.;Aaron R Folsom.;Evita G van den Herik.;Michiel J Bos.;Alexa Beiser.;Mary Cushman.;Lenore J Launer.;Eyal Shahar.;Maksim Struchalin.;Yangchun Du.;Nicole L Glazer.;Wayne D Rosamond.;Fernando Rivadeneira.;Margaret Kelly-Hayes.;Oscar L Lopez.;Josef Coresh.;Albert Hofman.;Charles DeCarli.;Susan R Heckbert.;Peter J Koudstaal.;Qiong Yang.;Nicholas L Smith.;Carlos S Kase.;Kenneth Rice.;Talin Haritunians.;Gerwin Roks.;Paul L M de Kort.;Kent D Taylor.;Lonneke M de Lau.;Ben A Oostra.;Andre G Uitterlinden.;Jerome I Rotter.;Eric Boerwinkle.;Bruce M Psaty.;Thomas H Mosley.;Cornelia M van Duijn.;Monique M B Breteler.;W T Longstreth.;Philip A Wolf.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2009年360卷17期1718-28页
The genes underlying the risk of stroke in the general population remain undetermined.
12. Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy.
作者: Erick H Turner.;Annette M Matthews.;Eftihia Linardatos.;Robert A Tell.;Robert Rosenthal.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2008年358卷3期252-60页
Evidence-based medicine is valuable to the extent that the evidence base is complete and unbiased. Selective publication of clinical trials--and the outcomes within those trials--can lead to unrealistic estimates of drug effectiveness and alter the apparent risk-benefit ratio.
13. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes.
Rosiglitazone is widely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined.
14. Analysis of 14 trials comparing sirolimus-eluting stents with bare-metal stents.
作者: Adnan Kastrati.;Julinda Mehilli.;Jürgen Pache.;Christoph Kaiser.;Marco Valgimigli.;Henning Kelbaek.;Maurizio Menichelli.;Manel Sabaté.;Maarten J Suttorp.;Dietrich Baumgart.;Melchior Seyfarth.;Matthias E Pfisterer.;Albert Schömig.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2007年356卷10期1030-9页
The long-term effects of treatment with sirolimus-eluting stents, as compared with bare-metal stents, have not been established.
15. Stent thrombosis in randomized clinical trials of drug-eluting stents.
作者: Laura Mauri.;Wen-hua Hsieh.;Joseph M Massaro.;Kalon K L Ho.;Ralph D'Agostino.;Donald E Cutlip.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2007年356卷10期1020-9页
Definitions of stent thrombosis that have been used in clinical trials of drug-eluting stents have been restrictive and have not been used in a uniform manner.
17. Meta-analyses of the relation between silicone breast implants and the risk of connective-tissue diseases.
The postulated relation between silicone breast implants and the risk of connective-tissue and autoimmune diseases has generated intense medical and legal interest during the past decade. The salience of the issue persists, despite the fact that a great deal of research has been conducted on this subject. To provide a stronger quantitative basis for addressing the postulated relation, we applied several techniques of meta-analysis that combine, compare, and summarize the results of existing relevant studies.
18. Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview Collaborative Group.
作者: A Aupérin.;R Arriagada.;J P Pignon.;C Le Péchoux.;A Gregor.;R J Stephens.;P E Kristjansen.;B E Johnson.;H Ueoka.;H Wagner.;J Aisner.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年341卷7期476-84页
Prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the incidence of brain metastasis in patients with small-cell lung cancer. Whether this treatment, when given to patients in complete remission, improves survival is not known. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether prophylactic cranial irradiation prolongs survival.
19. The mode of delivery and the risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1--a meta-analysis of 15 prospective cohort studies.
作者: .;W Andiman.;Y Bryson.;M de Martino.;M Fowler.;D Harris.;C Hutto.;B Korber.;A Kovacs.;S Landesman.;M Lindsay.;N Lapointe.;L Mandelbrot.;M-L Newell.;H Peavy.;J Read.;C Rudin.;A Semprini.;R Simonds.;R Tuomala.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷13期977-87页
To evaluate the relation between elective cesarean section and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we performed a meta-analysis using data on individual patients from 15 prospective cohort studies.
20. Passive smoking and the risk of coronary heart disease--a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.
作者: J He.;S Vupputuri.;K Allen.;M R Prerost.;J Hughes.;P K Whelton.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷12期920-6页
The effect of passive smoking on the risk of coronary heart disease is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of the risk of coronary heart disease associated with passive smoking among nonsmokers.
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