To improve the accuracy of prostate cancer (PCa) detection by focusing biopsy on the suspected lesion manifested by MRI with the total number of biopsy cores relatively unchanged.

The literature is lacking randomised controlled trials comparing robot-assisted (RARP) and laparoscopic (LRP) radical prostatectomy, especially for follow-up >1 yr.

CellDetect is a unique histochemical stain enabling color and morphological discrimination between malignant and benign cells based on differences in metabolic signature.

An ongoing prospective study is acquiring preoperative imaging data for men with prostate cancer (PCa) using the molecular imaging agent [18F]-DCFPyL targeted against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). To date, six men (of a planned accrual of 24) with clinically localized, biopsy-proven PCa have undergone preoperative [18F]-DCFPyL positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging acquired using a hybrid PET/MRI system. Lesions identified by [18F]-DCFPyL uptake on PET/MRI were characterized in terms of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and volume using a boundary threshold of 40% SUVmax. Following surgery, all prostatectomy specimens were processed using a whole-mount technique for accurate deformable co-registration and correlation with PCa foci defined on digitized pathology images. Well-defined intraprostatic dominant lesions were identified by [18F]-DCFPyL PET/MRI (mean SUVmax 11.4±8.25; mean volume 2.2±2.4cm3) in all six men. Co-registered digitized whole-mount pathology for the first case revealed that intense [18F]-DCFPyL uptake (SUVmax 27±1.1cm3) and multiparametric MRI changes (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score of 4) were highly correlated with a 0.5-cm3 dominant (largest) lesion with Gleason pattern 4 PCa in the right mid peripheral zone. A smaller focus (0.01cm3) of lower-grade PCa (Gleason pattern 3) had much lower uptake (SUV 2.7). These early prospective data show that dominant intraprostatic lesions could be identified in all six men using [18F]-DCFPyL as an imaging probe. Trial accrual will continue to quantify in terms of spatial concordance the ability of [18F]-DCFPyL to identify the location and characterize the grade of intraprostatic cancer foci in clinically localized PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY: Positron emission tomography using a novel probe called [18F]-DCFPyL directed against the prostate-specific membrane antigen protein was able to identify locations of prostate cancer in the prostate glands of men undergoing imaging before surgery. In the future, such imaging may allow better targeting of treatment to the portion of the prostate containing the most aggressive components of cancer rather than treating the whole prostate in a uniform fashion.

To investigate the effects of a preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation programme in patients with lung cancer undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery.

This study aims to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a couple-based communication intervention for advanced GI cancer delivered via videoconference.

Endoscopically assisted selective neck dissection (SND) has recently been applied in clinical N0 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, nothing is known of the immune response after surgery.

Central lymph node (CLN) metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is common and being able to predict CLN metastasis helps surgeons determine individualized therapy. However, the relationship between contralateral CLN metastasis and the total number of positive lymph nodes (LNs) in the combined prelaryngeal and pretracheal region remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the total number of positive LNs in the combined prelaryngeal and pretracheal region has clinical significance as a predictor for contralateral CLN metastasis.

A change in tumor size is a well-validated and commonly used value for evaluating response to chemotherapy in cancer. Metabolic changes induced by chemotherapy are related to prognosis in several tumor types. However, the clinical implication of metabolic changes in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) undergoing chemotherapy remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate response of tumor size and metabolism in AGC during chemotherapy and to reveal the relationship between them in view of their impact on patient survival. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with AGC before the initiation of first-line palliative chemotherapy. Using baseline and follow-up contrast-enhanced CT and 18F-FDG PET, we assessed the tumor diameter, SUVmax, and total lesion glycolysis in each lesion and their changes during chemotherapy at the same time. We included all lesions with the maximal longest diameters over 1 cm on CT, and each lesion was evaluated by matched 18F-FDG PET. We analyzed the association between changes in tumor metabolism and tumor size and performed outcome analysis on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Seventy-four patients were enrolled, and the number of all lesions included in this study was 620. Compared with adenocarcinomas, poorly cohesive carcinomas demonstrated lower SUVmax irrespective of tumor size (P < 0.001). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumors showed higher SUVmax than HER2-negative tumors (P = 0.002). The changes in SUVmax due to chemotherapy had a linear correlation with the changes in tumor size of each lesion, and a 30% tumor size reduction was associated with a 50% SUVmax reduction (P < 0.001). Total lesion glycolysis changes also correlated with tumor size changes (P < 0.001). Better OS and PFS were obtained in patients with both tumor size and SUVmax reduction than in patients with either size or SUVmax reduction only (OS, P = 0.003; PFS, P = 0.038). Conclusion: Changes in tumor metabolism induced by chemotherapy correlated with changes in tumor size in AGC. Considering both changes in metabolism and size could help predict a more accurate prognosis for AGC patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Gastric cancer is a common cancer with a poor prognosis. Chemokines play important roles in the tumor microenvironments to support tumor growth and metastasis. The effects of C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22) in gastric cancer remain unclear.

Optimum cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is essential for the curative treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. At present, surgeons depend on visual inspection and palpation for tumour detection. Improved detection of tumour tissue using molecular fluorescence-guided surgery could not only help attain a complete cytoreduction of metastatic lesions, but might also prevent overtreatment by avoiding resection of benign lesions.

Postmastectomy chest wall radiation therapy has historically used bolus to increase dose at the skin surface. Despite the theoretical benefits of bolus, the clinical implications of locoregional tumor control, cosmesis, and the incidence of radiodermatitis are less well characterized. We hypothesized that treatment in the presence or absence of bolus results in equivalent chest wall recurrence rates, but its presence results in more severe acute dermatologic toxicity.

In patients with prostate cancer (PCa), prostate enlargement may give rise to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); many patients suffer from moderate-to-severe symptoms. We compare the efficacy of degarelix and goserelin plus bicalutamide in improving LUTS in PCa patients.

We reported an association between cytologic atypia, a reversible biomarker of breast cancer risk, and lower omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio in blood and breast tissue. Our goal was to develop and validate a dietary pattern index in this high-risk sample of U.S. women, and test its capacity to predict incidence in a nested case-control cohort of Canadian women from a randomized trial of a low-fat dietary intervention for primary prevention of breast cancer.

This trial assessed the safety and efficacy of LM in combination with carboplatin/etoposide therapy compared to carboplatin/etoposide treatment alone in patients with previously untreated extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC).

Nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel is a promising new therapeutic agent for all histologic types of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We recently performed a phase 2 study of weekly nab-paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC, finding promising activity and acceptable toxicity for this regimen. We have now designed a randomized phase 3 intergroup study (J-AXEL, UMIN000017487) to examine the clinical benefit and safety of nab-paclitaxel compared to docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC.

Bladder preservation therapy is an effective treatment for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC). In this study we treated noncystectomy candidates with daily radiation and weekly paclitaxel for 7 weeks. Patients whose tumors showed her2/neu overexpression were additionally treated with weekly trastuzumab.

The delivery of safe and effective radiation therapy relies on accurate target delineation, particularly in the era of highly conformal treatment techniques. Current contouring resources are fragmented and can be cumbersome to use. The present study reports on the efficacy and usability of a web-based contouring atlas compared with those of existing contouring resources in a randomized trial.

Sorafenib is an established upfront treatment option for metastatic RCC (mRCC). There is no published literature regarding its performance in Indian Patients. We present an analysis of Sorafenib use in our institute and attempt to validate the Heng criteria as a prognostic score in these patients.

Induction chemotherapy (ICT) in patients with head and neck cancer has been studied since a long time. The addition of taxanes to the cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) (PF) regimen results in superior antitumor activity. We did this study to see the response and toxicity of ICT with cisplatin and ifosfamide followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced, unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN).