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1. Targeted Fluid Minimization Following Initial Resuscitation in Septic Shock: A Pilot Study.
IV fluid represents a basic therapeutic intervention for septic shock. Unfortunately, the optimal administration of IV fluid to maximize patient outcomes and prevent complications is largely unknown.
2. Biomarker Profiles in Asthma With High vs Low Airway Reversibility and Poor Disease Control.
作者: William W Busse.;Stephen T Holgate.;Sally W Wenzel.;Paul Klekotka.;Yun Chon.;JingYuan Feng.;Edward P Ingenito.;Ajay Nirula.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷6期1489-1496页
High bronchodilator reversibility in adult asthma is associated with distinct clinical characteristics. This analysis compares lung function, biomarker profiles, and disease control in patients with high reversibility (HR) and low reversibility (LR) asthma.
3. A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effects of Olprinone, a Specific Phosphodiesterase III Inhibitor, for Preventing Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Resection for Lung Cancer.
作者: Takashi Nojiri.;Kazuhiro Yamamoto.;Hajime Maeda.;Yukiyasu Takeuchi.;Naoko Ose.;Yoshiyuki Susaki.;Masayoshi Inoue.;Meinoshin Okumura.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷5期1285-1292页
We previously reported that patients with elevated preoperative B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels have an increased risk for postoperative atrial fibrillation following lung cancer surgery. The present study evaluated whether the specific phosphodiesterase III inhibitor olprinone can reduce the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with elevated BNP levels undergoing pulmonary resection for lung cancer.
4. Randomized Trial of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration With and Without Rapid On-site Evaluation for Lung Cancer Genotyping.
作者: Rocco Trisolini.;Alessandra Cancellieri.;Carmine Tinelli.;Dario de Biase.;Ilaria Valentini.;Gianpiero Casadei.;Daniela Paioli.;Franco Ferrari.;Giovanni Gordini.;Marco Patelli.;Giovanni Tallini.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷6期1430-1437页
Experts and scientific society guidelines recommend that rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) be used with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) to optimize lung cancer genotyping, but no comparative trial has been carried out to confirm and quantify its usefulness.
5. Delirium and Circadian Rhythm of Melatonin During Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation: An Ancillary Study of a Weaning Trial.
作者: Armand Mekontso Dessap.;Ferran Roche-Campo.;Jean-Marie Launay.;Anais Charles-Nelson.;Sandrine Katsahian.;Christian Brun-Buisson.;Laurent Brochard.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷5期1231-1241页
Delirium is frequent in patients in the ICU, but its association with the outcome of weaning from mechanical ventilation has not been assessed. Circadian rhythm alteration may favor delirium. In the current study, we assessed the impact of delirium during weaning and associated alterations in the circadian rhythm of melatonin excretion.
6. Dyspnea-related cues engage the prefrontal cortex: evidence from functional brain imaging in COPD.
作者: Mari Herigstad.;Anja Hayen.;Eleanor Evans.;Frances M Hardinge.;Robert J Davies.;Katja Wiech.;Kyle T S Pattinson.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷4期953-961页
Dyspnea is the major source of disability in COPD. In COPD, environmental cues (eg, the prospect of having to climb stairs) become associated with dyspnea and may trigger dyspnea even before physical activity commences. We hypothesized that brain activation relating to such cues would be different between patients with COPD and healthy control subjects, reflecting greater engagement of emotional mechanisms in patients.
7. The Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network (IPFnet): diagnostic and adjudication processes.
作者: Joao de Andrade.;Marvin Schwarz.;Harold R Collard.;Tedryl Gentry-Bumpass.;Thomas Colby.;David Lynch.;Robert J Kaner.; .
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷4期1034-1042页
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored IPF Clinical Research Network (IPFnet) studies enrolled subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) to evaluate drug therapies in treatment trials. An adjudication committee (AC) provided a structured review of cases in which there was uncertainty or disagreement regarding diagnosis or clinical event classification. This article describes the diagnosis and adjudication processes.
8. School Endotoxin Exposure and Asthma Morbidity in Inner-city Children.
作者: Peggy S Lai.;William J Sheehan.;Jonathan M Gaffin.;Carter R Petty.;Brent A Coull.;Diane R Gold.;Wanda Phipatanakul.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷5期1251-1258页
Endotoxin exposure is associated with airway inflammation. Children spend 6 to 8 h/d in school, yet the effect of school-specific endotoxin exposure on asthma morbidity is not well understood.
9. Five-Year outcomes of patients enrolled in the REVEAL Registry.
作者: Harrison W Farber.;Dave P Miller.;Abby D Poms.;David B Badesch.;Adaani E Frost.;Erwan Muros-Le Rouzic.;Alain J Romero.;Wade W Benton.;C Gregory Elliott.;Michael D McGoon.;Raymond L Benza.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷4期1043-54页
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, severe disease characterized by worsening right-sided heart failure, decreasing functional status, and poor survival. The present study characterizes the 5-year survival in the United States of a new and previous diagnosis of PAH in patients stratified by baseline functional class (FC). The Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL Registry) is a 55-center observational US registry of the demographics, disease course, and management of patients with World Health Organization (WHO) group 1 PAH.
10. Lung Function in Rural Guatemalan Women Before and After a Chimney Stove Intervention to Reduce Wood Smoke Exposure: Results From the Randomized Exposure Study of Pollution Indoors and Respiratory Effects and Chronic Respiratory Effects of Early Childhood Exposure to Respirable Particulate Matter Study.
作者: Michael Guarnieri.;Esperanza Diaz.;Daniel Pope.;Ellen A Eisen.;Jennifer Mann.;Kirk R Smith.;Tone Smith-Sivertsen.;Nigel G Bruce.;John R Balmes.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷5期1184-1192页
COPD is the third most frequent cause of death globally, with much of this burden attributable to household biomass smoke exposure in developing countries. As biomass smoke exposure is also associated with cardiovascular disease, lower respiratory infection, lung cancer, and cataracts, it presents an important target for public health intervention.
11. Effect of CPAP on Cognition, Brain Function, and Structure Among Elderly Patients With OSA: A Randomized Pilot Study.
作者: Mireia Dalmases.;Cristina Solé-Padullés.;Marta Torres.;Cristina Embid.;Maria Dolores Nuñez.;Miguel Ángel Martínez-Garcia.;Ramon Farré.;Nuria Bargalló.;David Bartrés-Faz.;Josep M Montserrat.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷5期1214-1223页
Despite the increasing aging population and the high prevalence of OSA in elderly adults, little is known about cognitive effects of OSA and the effectiveness of CPAP treatment. Therefore, this study investigated whether elderly patients with OSA present cognitive deficits and functional and structural alterations of the brain that could be improved by CPAP treatment.
12. Simvastatin Suppresses Airway IL-17 and Upregulates IL-10 in Patients With Stable COPD.
作者: Kittipong Maneechotesuwan.;Adisak Wongkajornsilp.;Ian M Adcock.;Peter J Barnes.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷5期1164-76页
Statins have immunomodulatory properties that may provide beneficial effects in the treatment of COPD. We investigated whether a statin improves the IL-17/IL-10 imbalance in patients with COPD, as has previously been demonstrated in patients with asthma.
13. Distinct molecular phenotypes of direct vs indirect ARDS in single-center and multicenter studies.
作者: Carolyn S Calfee.;David R Janz.;Gordon R Bernard.;Addison K May.;Kirsten N Kangelaris.;Michael A Matthay.;Lorraine B Ware.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷6期1539-1548页
ARDS is a heterogeneous syndrome that encompasses lung injury from both direct and indirect sources. Direct ARDS (pneumonia, aspiration) has been hypothesized to cause more severe lung epithelial injury than indirect ARDS (eg, nonpulmonary sepsis); however, this hypothesis has not been well studied in humans.
14. Response to fluid boluses in the fluid and catheter treatment trial.
作者: Matthew R Lammi.;Brianne Aiello.;Gregory T Burg.;Tayyab Rehman.;Ivor S Douglas.;Arthur P Wheeler.;Bennett P deBoisblanc.; .
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷4期919-926页
Recent emphasis has been placed on methods to predict fluid responsiveness, but the usefulness of using fluid boluses to increase cardiac index in critically ill patients with ineffective circulation or oliguria remains unclear.
15. Comparison of lung expansion techniques on thoracoabdominal mechanics and incidence of pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery: a randomized and controlled trial.
作者: Adriana C Lunardi.;Denise M Paisani.;Cibele C B Marques da Silva.;Desiderio P Cano.;Clarice Tanaka.;Celso R F Carvalho.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷4期1003-1010页
Lung expansion techniques (LETs) are widely used to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). However, the effects of each of these techniques on thoracoabdominal mechanics and PPC incidence after abdominal surgery remain unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of LET on pulmonary volumes, respiratory muscle activation, and PPC incidence after major, elective upper abdominal surgery.
16. Effects of Oropharyngeal Exercises on Snoring: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Vanessa Ieto.;Fabiane Kayamori.;Maria I Montes.;Raquel P Hirata.;Marcelo G Gregório.;Adriano M Alencar.;Luciano F Drager.;Pedro R Genta.;Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷3期683-691页
Snoring is extremely common in the general population and may indicate OSA. However, snoring is not objectively measured during polysomnography, and no standard treatment is available for primary snoring or when snoring is associated with mild forms of OSA. This study determined the effects of oropharyngeal exercises on snoring in minimally symptomatic patients with a primary complaint of snoring and diagnosis of primary snoring or mild to moderate OSA.
17. Predischarge bundle for patients with acute exacerbations of COPD to reduce readmissions and ED visits: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Jeffrey H Jennings.;Krishna Thavarajah.;Michael P Mendez.;Michael Eichenhorn.;Paul Kvale.;Lenar Yessayan.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷5期1227-1234页
Hospital readmissions for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPDs) pose burdens to the health-care system and patients. A current gap in knowledge is whether a predischarge screening and educational tool administered to patients with COPD reduces readmissions and ED visits.
18. Elevated upper body position improves pregnancy-related OSA without impairing sleep quality or sleep architecture early after delivery.
作者: Sebastian Zaremba.;Noomi Mueller.;Anne M Heisig.;Christina H Shin.;Stefanie Jung.;Lisa R Leffert.;Brian T Bateman.;Lori J Pugsley.;Yasuko Nagasaka.;Ingrid Moreno Duarte.;Jeffrey L Ecker.;Matthias Eikermann.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷4期936-944页
During pregnancy, upper airway resistance is increased, predisposing vulnerable women to pregnancy-related OSA. Elevation of the upper body increases upper airway cross-sectional area (CSA) and improves severity of OSA in a subgroup of nonpregnant patients (positional-dependent sleep apnea). We tested the hypothesis that elevated position of the upper body improves OSA early after delivery.
19. Sensitivity Analyses of the Change in FVC in a Phase 3 Trial of Pirfenidone for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: David J Lederer.;Williamson Z Bradford.;Elizabeth A Fagan.;Ian Glaspole.;Marilyn K Glassberg.;Kenneth F Glasscock.;David Kardatzke.;Talmadge E King.;Lisa H Lancaster.;Steven D Nathan.;Carlos A Pereira.;Steven A Sahn.;Jeffrey J Swigris.;Paul W Noble.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷1期196-201页
FVC outcomes in clinical trials on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can be substantially influenced by the analytic methodology and the handling of missing data. We conducted a series of sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the statistical finding and the stability of the estimate of the magnitude of treatment effect on the primary end point of FVC change in a phase 3 trial evaluating pirfenidone in adults with IPF.
20. The Adult Calfactant in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Trial.
作者: Douglas F Willson.;Jonathon D Truwit.;Mark R Conaway.;Christine S Traul.;Edmund E Egan.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷2期356-364页
Surfactant has been shown to be dysfunctional in ARDS, and exogenous surfactant has proven effective in many forms of neonatal and pediatric acute lung injury (ALI). In view of the positive results of our studies in children along with evidence that surfactant-associated protein B containing pharmaceutical surfactants might be more effective, we designed a multiinstitutional, randomized, controlled, and masked trial of calfactant, a calf lung surfactant, in adults and children with ALI/ARDS due to direct lung injury.
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