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370. Breast-Cancer Tumor Size, Overdiagnosis, and Mammography Screening Effectiveness.
作者: H Gilbert Welch.;Philip C Prorok.;A James O'Malley.;Barnett S Kramer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年375卷15期1438-1447页
The goal of screening mammography is to detect small malignant tumors before they grow large enough to cause symptoms. Effective screening should therefore lead to the detection of a greater number of small tumors, followed by fewer large tumors over time.
374. Mapping Plasmodium falciparum Mortality in Africa between 1990 and 2015.
作者: Peter W Gething.;Daniel C Casey.;Daniel J Weiss.;Donal Bisanzio.;Samir Bhatt.;Ewan Cameron.;Katherine E Battle.;Ursula Dalrymple.;Jennifer Rozier.;Puja C Rao.;Michael J Kutz.;Ryan M Barber.;Chantal Huynh.;Katya A Shackelford.;Matthew M Coates.;Grant Nguyen.;Maya S Fraser.;Rachel Kulikoff.;Haidong Wang.;Mohsen Naghavi.;David L Smith.;Christopher J L Murray.;Simon I Hay.;Stephen S Lim.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年375卷25期2435-2445页
Malaria control has not been routinely informed by the assessment of subnational variation in malaria deaths. We combined data from the Malaria Atlas Project and the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate malaria mortality across sub-Saharan Africa on a grid of 5 km2 from 1990 through 2015.
376. Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
作者: Martin Reck.;Delvys Rodríguez-Abreu.;Andrew G Robinson.;Rina Hui.;Tibor Csőszi.;Andrea Fülöp.;Maya Gottfried.;Nir Peled.;Ali Tafreshi.;Sinead Cuffe.;Mary O'Brien.;Suman Rao.;Katsuyuki Hotta.;Melanie A Leiby.;Gregory M Lubiniecki.;Yue Shentu.;Reshma Rangwala.;Julie R Brahmer.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年375卷19期1823-1833页
Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against programmed death 1 (PD-1) that has antitumor activity in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with increased activity in tumors that express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1).
377. Nivolumab for Recurrent Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.
作者: Robert L Ferris.;George Blumenschein.;Jerome Fayette.;Joel Guigay.;A Dimitrios Colevas.;Lisa Licitra.;Kevin Harrington.;Stefan Kasper.;Everett E Vokes.;Caroline Even.;Francis Worden.;Nabil F Saba.;Lara C Iglesias Docampo.;Robert Haddad.;Tamara Rordorf.;Naomi Kiyota.;Makoto Tahara.;Manish Monga.;Mark Lynch.;William J Geese.;Justin Kopit.;James W Shaw.;Maura L Gillison.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年375卷19期1856-1867页
Patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck after platinum chemotherapy have a very poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Nivolumab, an anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, was assessed as treatment for this condition.
378. Adjuvant Sunitinib in High-Risk Renal-Cell Carcinoma after Nephrectomy.
作者: Alain Ravaud.;Robert J Motzer.;Hardev S Pandha.;Daniel J George.;Allan J Pantuck.;Anup Patel.;Yen-Hwa Chang.;Bernard Escudier.;Frede Donskov.;Ahmed Magheli.;Giacomo Carteni.;Brigitte Laguerre.;Piotr Tomczak.;Jan Breza.;Paola Gerletti.;Mariajose Lechuga.;Xun Lin.;Jean-Francois Martini.;Krishnan Ramaswamy.;Michelle Casey.;Michael Staehler.;Jean-Jacques Patard.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年375卷23期2246-2254页
Sunitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitor, is an effective treatment for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with locoregional renal-cell carcinoma at high risk for tumor recurrence after nephrectomy.
379. Niraparib Maintenance Therapy in Platinum-Sensitive, Recurrent Ovarian Cancer.
作者: Mansoor R Mirza.;Bradley J Monk.;Jørn Herrstedt.;Amit M Oza.;Sven Mahner.;Andrés Redondo.;Michel Fabbro.;Jonathan A Ledermann.;Domenica Lorusso.;Ignace Vergote.;Noa E Ben-Baruch.;Christian Marth.;Radosław Mądry.;René D Christensen.;Jonathan S Berek.;Anne Dørum.;Anna V Tinker.;Andreas du Bois.;Antonio González-Martín.;Philippe Follana.;Benedict Benigno.;Per Rosenberg.;Lucy Gilbert.;Bobbie J Rimel.;Joseph Buscema.;John P Balser.;Shefali Agarwal.;Ursula A Matulonis.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年375卷22期2154-2164页
Niraparib is an oral poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1/2 inhibitor that has shown clinical activity in patients with ovarian cancer. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of niraparib versus placebo as maintenance treatment for patients with platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer.
380. Prolonged Survival in Stage III Melanoma with Ipilimumab Adjuvant Therapy.
作者: Alexander M M Eggermont.;Vanna Chiarion-Sileni.;Jean-Jacques Grob.;Reinhard Dummer.;Jedd D Wolchok.;Henrik Schmidt.;Omid Hamid.;Caroline Robert.;Paolo A Ascierto.;Jon M Richards.;Céleste Lebbé.;Virginia Ferraresi.;Michael Smylie.;Jeffrey S Weber.;Michele Maio.;Lars Bastholt.;Laurent Mortier.;Luc Thomas.;Saad Tahir.;Axel Hauschild.;Jessica C Hassel.;F Stephen Hodi.;Corina Taitt.;Veerle de Pril.;Gaetan de Schaetzen.;Stefan Suciu.;Alessandro Testori.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年375卷19期1845-1855页
On the basis of data from a phase 2 trial that compared the checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab at doses of 0.3 mg, 3 mg, and 10 mg per kilogram of body weight in patients with advanced melanoma, this phase 3 trial evaluated ipilimumab at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram in patients who had undergone complete resection of stage III melanoma.
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