The aim of this study is to present the casuistic of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands in patients diagnosed at "Dr. Eduardo Cáceres Graziani" National Institute for Neoplastic Diseases, Lima, Perú. From January 2002 to December 2012, 51 cases were diagnosed as mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The number of female patients was higher, with 28 cases (54.9%), and regarding age distribution, 33.3% of the patients were under 30 years old. Pain was one of the main symptoms, and 74.5% of the mucoepidermoid carcinomas were located in the parotid gland. It is concluded that epidemiology regarding age and gender of the 51 cases analyzed was in the same range as other studies, and that most cases were located in major salivary glands, in agreement with reports on other populations. Other characte ristics showed a homogeneous distribution.

Metastasis and associated complications are the major cause of death for cancer patients. The incidence of bone metastasis is among the highest in cancers arising from breast, prostate, and lung. Common skeletal-related events caused by bone metastasis include aberrant bone remodeling (osteolytic, osteoblastic, and mixed), bone pain, fracture, spinal cord compression, and life-threatening hypercalcemia. It is now known that interactions between tumor cells and bone stroma lie at the core of major steps of bone-metastasis progression. Approved pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of bone metastasis, including bisphosphonate and denosumab, were designed to target bone stromal cell components. In recent years, research in our laboratory and others has revealed intricate tumor-stroma interactions as the driving force behind osteolytic bone-metastasis development, providing a set of new candidates for future drug development. Moreover, recent studies also indicate existence of distinct bone niches in supporting hematopoietic stem cell renewal and differentiation. These niche components are likely utilized by metastatic cancer cells for seeding, progression, and therapy resistance of bone metastasis. Future studies in this direction may discover additional therapeutic targets for bone-metastasis treatment.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be stratified in at least 10 different subtypes. We present here a platform for derivation of preclinical models based on patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs) that represent these subgroups. These models preserve the transcriptome, methylome, copy-number, and mutational landscape features of the tumor of origin through different passaging. Furthermore, the intratumoral composition of these models is formed by communities of clones very similar to the ones present in the originating tumor. Finally, we show that short-term cultures of cells from these models (PDTX-derived tumor cells, PDTCs) also preserve the molecular features of the tumor and can be used for high-throughput drug testing of single compounds or combinations, with high reproducibility and clinical predictive power.

Glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1) is a membrane glycoprotein that is, together with other glucose transporters, responsible for the regulation of glucose uptake. An increased expression of this protein seems to be a general feature of several malignant tumors that are able to reprogram their metabolism and switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether decompression treatment induces changes in the histology or biologic behavior of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT).

To investigate the combined effects of indomethacin and oxaliplatin on expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), E-cadherin (E-cad), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CD44v6 related to lymph node metastasis of human lung cancer cell lines. Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the left armpit of nude mice to establish human lung cancer xenografts. The mice were randomly divided into control group, indomethacin group, oxaliplatin group and combination therapy group, which were treated with sterile distilled water, indomethacin, oxaliplatin and indomethacin combined with oxaliplatin, respectively. After 42 days, the mice were sacrificed. The immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expressions of EGFR, E-cad, ICAM-1 and CD44v6 in tumor tissues. Compared to control group, the protein and mRNA expressions of EGFR, ICAM-1 and CD44v6 in the indomethacin, oxaliplatin, and combination therapy groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05) and the protein and mRNA expressions of E-cad expression were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared to indomethacin group and oxaliplatin group, the protein and mRNA expressions of EGFR, ICAM-1 and CD44v6 in combination therapy groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the protein and mRNA expressions of E-cad expression were significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between indomethacin and oxaliplatin groups. Indomethacin and oxaliplatin have synergistic effect on expressions of lymph node metastasis related factors in lung cancer cell lines.

The objective of this work is to synthesize indolacin-5-fluorouracil-1-ylmethyl ester and the structure was confirmed by means of UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The physicochemical parameters of melting point, solubility, apparent partition coefficient were investigated. S180 sarcoma, H22 hapatitic cancer and Lewis-transplanted mice were used to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of indolacini-5-fluorouracil-1-ylmethyl ester compared with 5-fluorouracil in vivo. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated in mice. The inhibitory ratio of indolacini- 5-fluorouracil-1-ylmethyl ester is comparative to that of 5-fluorouracil. This study indicates that 5-fluorouracil-1-ylmethyl ester may represent a new anticancer predrug of 5-fluorouracil to produce a combined effect of indolacin and 5-fluorouracil for cancer therapy.

Interleukin (IL)-6 can induce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, which may be critical factors involved in tumor metastasis. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are important inhibitory enzymes of MMP. This study was designed to investigate the effect of recombinant IL-6 on the MMP/TIMP expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line in a dose dependent manner (10, 25 and 50ng/ml) in comparison to non-treated breast cancer cells (control). The data demonstrated that low dose (10 ng/ml) of IL-6 failed to induce TIMP-1 and -2 production by breast cancer cells compared to control cells whereas moderate (25 ng/ml) and high (50ng/ml) exposure levels promoted a significant expression of TIMP-1 (P<0.01 and P<0.0001) respectively as compared to control cells. TIMP-2 was significantly released (P<0.0001) from breast cancer cells higher than in control cells at moderate and high exposure levels of IL-6. This up-regulation of TIMP-1 and -2 was accompanied with undetectable levels of MMP-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -10, and -13. Furthermore, IL-6 potentially increased the invasion potency of cancer cells significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) at moderate and high exposure levels respectively. These findings suggest that IL-6 could promote the invasion potency of breast cancer cells by inducing secretion of TIMP-1 and -2, causing a disturbance in TIMP/MMP balance.

Plant proteins have been investigated for their antioxidant activities, but there are still no reports detailing the antioxidant activity levels of plants in the Zingiberaceae family, which are popular food agents and used in folklore medicine. In this study, the crude rhizome protein extract and associated pepsin/pancreatin protein hydrolysate of 15 plants in the Zingiberaceae family were screened using the DPPH method for antioxidant activity. The protein hydrolysate of C. zedoaria possessed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50of 25.7±6.3µg/mL), which was close to that of the reference ascorbic acid (IC50of 22.3±1.8µg/mL). After enrichment by Q Sepharose ion exchange chromatography using a five step elution gradient of increasing NaCl concentration (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1M), the fraction eluting in the 0.5M NaCl (F50) showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 of 41.78±2.9µg/mL), and was found to have weak in vitro cytotoxicity against the HEP-G2 and SW620 cell lines (IC50 of 200.8±11.8 and 241.0±9.3µg/mL, respectively), but not the BT474, CHAGO and KATO-3 cell lines. F50 had an estimated molecular weight by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of 12,400-12,800 Da.

This study aims at developing and introducing a new algorithm, called direct causal learner (DCL), for learning the direct causal influences of a single target. We applied it to both simulated and real clinical and genome wide association study (GWAS) datasets and compared its performance to classic causal learning algorithms.

Adriamycin though considered as an effective anticancer drug, leads to irreversible cardiomyopathy (CMP) and congestive heart failure (CHF). The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of carvedilol in adriamycin (ADR)-induced cardiomyopathy (CMP) in cancer patients.

We reported an association between cytologic atypia, a reversible biomarker of breast cancer risk, and lower omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio in blood and breast tissue. Our goal was to develop and validate a dietary pattern index in this high-risk sample of U.S. women, and test its capacity to predict incidence in a nested case-control cohort of Canadian women from a randomized trial of a low-fat dietary intervention for primary prevention of breast cancer.

The seroma is one of the most common complications in the axillary lymph nodal dissection (different surgical approaches have been tried to reduce the seroma incidence). In our study we evaluate the outcome of patients using or not the ultrasonic scalpel (Harmonic scalpel) according to a standardized surgical technique.

Juvenile rheumatic diseases affect the musculoskeletal system and begin before the age of 18. These conditions have varied, identifiable or unknown etiologies, but those of an autoimmune inflammatory nature have been associated with an increased risk of development of cancer, regardless of treatment. This study aims to assess, through a systematic review of the literature according to Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) quality criteria, the risk of cancer in patients with juvenile rheumatic disease, and its association with biological agents. The criteria described by the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology initiative were used in order to assess the methodological quality of those individual items selected in this study. We analyzed nine publications, from a total of 251 papers initially selected. There was an increase in cancer risk in the population with juvenile rheumatic disease versus the general population. Most specified cancers were of a lymphoproliferative nature. Seven studies did not specify the treatment or not defined an association between treatment and cancer risk. Only one study has suggested this association; in it, their authors observed high risk in patients diagnosed in the last 20 years, a period of the advent of new therapies. One study found an increased risk in a population not treated with biological agents, suggesting a disease in its natural course, and not an adverse effect of therapy. Studies have shown an increased risk of malignancy associated with juvenile rheumatic disease, and this may be related to disease activity and not specifically to the treatment with biological agents.

Neoadjuvant therapy is an emerging paradigm in pancreatic cancer care; however, its role for resectable disease remains controversial in the absence of conclusive randomized controlled trials. The purpose of the present study is to assess the impact of neoadjuvant therapy on survival in resected pancreatic cancer patients by clinical stage.

Redo hepatic resection (RHR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are salvage treatment choices for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (RHCC). As yet, it is unclear as to which treatment modality is superior in terms of long term survival. The aim of this study was to compare the survival benefits and treatment efficacy of RHR and RFA for recurrent HCC.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands is characterized by long-term distant metastasis, most commonly in lungs. No agreement has been reached about the role of surgical treatment of pulmonary lesions. We evaluated the long-term results of lung metastasectomy for ACC in order to identify factors that should be taken into account in selecting patients eligible for surgery and treatment planning.

The clinical and dermoscopic differentiation between lentigo maligna (LM) and solar lentigo (SL)/initial seborrheic keratosis (SK) may be difficult.