297. Eosinophilic Esophagitis.
Once considered a rare condition, eosinophilic esophagitis is now one of the most common conditions diagnosed during the assessment of feeding problems in children and during the evaluation of dysphagia and food impaction in adults. The entity exists worldwide but has been most extensively studied in Western countries, where its prevalence has been estimated to be 0.4% among all children and adults. Whether eosinophilic esophagitis is truly a new disease or simply a recently recognized one is uncertain. In this review, we consider the diagnostic criteria, pathophysiological and clinical features, and treatment of this increasingly prevalent disease.
298. A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention.
作者: Andrew C Chen.;Andrew J Martin.;Bonita Choy.;Pablo Fernández-Peñas.;Robyn A Dalziell.;Catriona A McKenzie.;Richard A Scolyer.;Haryana M Dhillon.;Janette L Vardy.;Anne Kricker.;Gayathri St George.;Niranthari Chinniah.;Gary M Halliday.;Diona L Damian.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2015年373卷17期1618-26页
Nonmelanoma skin cancers, such as basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma, are common cancers that are caused principally by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) has been shown to have protective effects against damage caused by UV radiation and to reduce the rate of new premalignant actinic keratoses.
299. Changing Trends in P. falciparum Burden, Immunity, and Disease in Pregnancy.
作者: Alfredo Mayor.;Azucena Bardají.;Eusebio Macete.;Tacilta Nhampossa.;Ana Maria Fonseca.;Raquel González.;Sonia Maculuve.;Pau Cisteró.;Maria Rupérez.;Joe Campo.;Anifa Vala.;Betuel Sigaúque.;Alfons Jiménez.;Sonia Machevo.;Laura de la Fuente.;Abel Nhama.;Leopoldina Luis.;John J Aponte.;Sozinho Acácio.;Arsenio Nhacolo.;Chetan Chitnis.;Carlota Dobaño.;Esperanza Sevene.;Pedro Luis Alonso.;Clara Menéndez.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2015年373卷17期1607-17页
Prevention of reinfection and resurgence is an integral component of the goal to eradicate malaria. However, the adverse effects of malaria resurgences are not known.
300. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Total Knee Replacement.
作者: Søren T Skou.;Ewa M Roos.;Mogens B Laursen.;Michael S Rathleff.;Lars Arendt-Nielsen.;Ole Simonsen.;Sten Rasmussen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2015年373卷17期1597-606页
More than 670,000 total knee replacements are performed annually in the United States; however, high-quality evidence to support the effectiveness of the procedure, as compared with nonsurgical interventions, is lacking.
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