The rate of the highly differentiated thyroid microcarcinoma methastasizing in central (6th) group of cervical lymph nodes was studied. In the clinic in 2013 - 2015 yrs 62 patients were operated for primary thyroid microcarcinoma. In accordance to TNM (UICC, AJCC, 2009) classification, papillary cancer in stage TlaNOMO was diagnosed in 35 (56.5%) patients, T1aN1MO - in 22 (35.5%); follicular cancer stage T1aNOMO - in 2 (3.2%); papillary cancer, follicular variant in stage T1aN1 MO - in 2 (3.2%); follicu- lar cancer, papillary variant in stage T1aNOMO - in 1 (1.6%). In 8 (12.9%) patients intraorgan multifocal metastasizing into contralateral thyroid lobe was revealed. In accordance to morphological investigation date of the excised samples, in 24 (38.7%) patients the metastases into the 6th group lymph nodes were revealed. In 4 (16.7%) patients, to whom lateral cervical lymphodissection was done, metastases in 2 - 5th groups of lymph nodes on the thyroid affection side were revealed.

Possibilities of laparoscopic technologies application while surgical excision of gas- trointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) were analyzed. In 2000 - 2015 yrs in the clinic 28 patients were operated on for gastric GIST. In 10 of them laparoscopic gastric resec- tion with tumor (in 3 - the tumor excision in borders of nonaffected tissues, in 4 - gas- tric fundus resection or stapler resection of a great curvature together with tumor, in 3 - transgastric excision of the tumor, using staplers) surgery was done. The disease recurrence in 2-5 yrs follow-up was absent. Laparoscopic operations has advantage over open interventions while preserving oncological radicalism.

Increasing prostate cancer incidence rates highlight the importance of more timely diagnosis with the ultimate aim of reducing cancer-specific mortality, while maintaining patients quality of life. Until recently, digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen have been used for diagnosis of prostate cancer. Recent advances in medical technologies and laboratory testing have led to introducing new cancer markers into clinical practice. The most highly demanded of them are the PCA-3, -2proPSA and Prostate Health Index. Despite the wide range of laboratory tests, a prostate biopsy with a subsequent morphological examination of biopsy tissue specimens remains the only way to definitively diagnose prostate cancer.

The article reports a case of a robot-assisted cystprostatectomy in a 36 y.o. patient with a malignant bladder neoplasm (highly differentiated infiltrative urothelial bladder cancer, Gr 2, invading the bladder wall mucosa, the multicentric growth type, with the focal tumor growth in the urethral mucosa and prostate). The ileal neobladder was constructed using intracorporeal access. Operating time was 6 hours, intraoperative blood loss was 150 ml. There was no intra - or postoperative complications. Voiding function was restored at day 10 postoperatively.

The article outlines the experience with radical surgical treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in two patients with dialysis-dependent end-stage chronic kidney disease. The authors describe diagnosis and surgical technique in this category of patients.

To assess the results of organ-sparing endoscopic treatment of patients with tumors of the upper urinary tract (UUT).

The combination of bladder cancer with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occurs in 5-27% of cases. The link between these diseases has not yet been closely investigated. The main role in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer combined with BPH is played by the residual urine and prolonged exposure of urothelium to the urine carcinogens. The choice of surgical treatment modality for the combination of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and BPH is still a matter of debate. There is no consensus on the safety and appropriateness of simultaneous transurethral resection of the bladder and prostate in these patients. On one hand, opponents of simultaneous surgery suggest sustained exposure to carcinogens and the spread of tumor cells in a transurethral resection through the prostate wound surface in the blood and lymphatic vessels. On the other hand, supporters refer to studies and meta-analyzes showing that the simultaneous resection neither increases the recurrence rate of bladder cancer nor causes metastasis and tumor progression.

In patients with prostate cancer to trace the pathway of the malignant cells of the basal layer of the prostate epithelium during their differentiation into luminal cells and/or migration in the mesenchyme.

The annual number of cases of kidney transplantation in the Russian Federation varies from 900 to 1000. The generally accepted method of operation is the heterotopic allotransplantation into one of the iliac region. Proper kidney recipient are psychologically "forgotten", often completely lost sight of postoperative monitoring, especially in the long term, but may remind of itself in extraordinary cases like ours.

To evaluate the potentials of determining the telomerase activity (TA) in the cellular material of the urine for noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC).

The relevance of drug treatment for prostate cancer increases with the number of patients who develop castration resistance. Currently, no unified treatment regimen for castration-resistant prostate cancer exists, but the standard treatment for these patients is continuous androgen deprivation therapy. This paper presents the experience of concomitant use of abiraterone acetate and triptorelin in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ten patients with disease duration of 1.5 to 18 years and established castration resistance are currently being followed up. Nine of ten patients have long-term bone metastases, one patient has visceral metastases. The combination therapy produced a significant PSA decrease in nine patients and regression of bone lesions in two patients.

To analyze the results of surgical treatment of patients with long ureteral fibroepithelial polyps (FEP).

To evaluate in a prospective study the results of transurethral resection (TUR) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and analyze the prognostic factors for the detection of residual tumor to develop indications for this intervention.

There is conflicting evidence on the impact of urolithiasis on the risk of developing cancer of kidney and upper urinary tract. Most researchers are of the opinion that there is a definite association between the diseases and clinicians should take the necessary measures to detect possible malignancy of the kidney and upper urinary tract in patients with urolithiasis at the earliest stages. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms that may underlie the development of renal cell carcinoma and urothelial cancer in patients with urolithiasis remain unexplored.

Currently, debate continues about the etiological role of pathogens, in particular viruses, in the development of bladder tumors, their impact on the rate of recurrence and invasive and metastatic forms. The etiological role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in squamous carcinoma of the cervix and upper respiratory tract is considered proven. However, some published studies show the role of oncogenic HPV in causing bladder cancer, its invasiveness and metastasizing. The review is dedicated to examining the role of HPV in the carcinogenesis of bladder cancer.

Currently, debate continues about the etiological role of pathogens, in particular viruses, in the development of bladder tumors, their impact on the rate of recurrence and invasive and metastatic forms. The literature has reported some evidence for oncomodulating effect of cytomegalovirus in glioblastomas and bowel tumors. There is the possible role of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 as carcinogenesis cofactor that initiates the development of dysplasia and maintains it in a stable condition. Epstein - Barr virus (EBV) from a family of the oncogenic DNA viruses is associated with an increasing range of cancers. EBV has been proven to have a role in the development of Burkitts lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer. The review outlines the current knowledge on the factors of oncogenesis and the role of some herpesviruses in the etiology of bladder cancer.

To study body image disturbances in patients with typical meningioma of parietal-occipital localization before and after surgery.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate the degradation of all types of collagens and other extracellular matrix components (elastin, proteoglycans, and laminin), their synthesis and accumulation play a key role in the hydrolysis of basement membrane. MMPs are involved in a wide range of proteolytic processes in the presence of different physiological and pathological changes, including inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis.

The article presents data statistics of surgical treatment of leukoplakia by laser ablation for 2014 were examined and operated on 12 patients with verrucous and erosive forms of leukoplakia of the oral mucosa using a diode laser. Only 5 (42%) showed positive results in 7 (58%) patients had recurrent disease, often in the localization of the lesion on the tongue. It is possible that relapse may be associated with incomplete excision of the lesion due to anatomical and morphological features of the oral mucosa in various topographical areas. The study emphasizes the need to find alternative methods of modern surgical excision, one of which can be radiofrequency excision.