Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis usually benign that can affect skin, integuments and mucosal membranes. It is characterized by a disorder of keratinization and the polymorphism of clinical disease. Some of them correspond to a very intense lichen activity as erythematous, erosive and bullous forms, others concern mostly old forms of lichen planus as atrophic or hyperkeratotic and hypertrophic verrucous forms. In most of the cases, the OLP has a benign evolution but malignant transformation may occur warranting strict monitoring of the disease and effective treatment of exacerbations.

Palpable thyroid nodules are present clinically in 4-7% of the population and their prevalence increases to 50%-67% when using high-resolution neck ultrasonography. By contrast, thyroid carcinoma (TC) represents only 5-20% of these nodules, which underlines the need for an appropriate approach to avoid unnecessary surgery. Frozen section (PS) has been used for more than 40 years in thyroid surgery to establish the diagnosis of malignancy. However, a controversy persists regarding the accuracy of FS and its place in thyroid pathology has changed with the emergence of fine-needle aspiration (FNA). A PubMed Medline and SpringerLink search was made covering the period from January 2000 to June 2012 to assess the accuracy of ES, its limitations and indications for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Twenty publications encompassing 8.567 subjects were included in our study. The average value of TC among thyroid nodules in analyzed studies was 15.5 %. ES ability to detect cancer expressed by its sensitivity (Ss) was 67.5 %. More than two thirds of the authors considered PS useful exclusively in the presence of doubtful ENA and for guiding the surgical extension in cases confirmed as malignant by FNA; however, only 33% accepted FS as a routine examination for the management of thyroid nodules. The influence of FS on surgical reintervention rate in nodular thyroid pathology was considered to be negligible by most studies, whereas 31 % of the authors thought that FS has a favorable benefit by decreasing the number of surgical re-interventions. In conclusion, the role of FS in thyroid pathology evolved from a mandatory component for thyroid surgery to an optional examination after a pre-operative FNA cytology. The accuracy of FS seems to provide no sufficient additional benefit and most experts support its use only in the presence of equivocal or suspicious cytological features, for guiding the surgical extension in cases confirmed as malignant by FNA and for the identification of other potentially confusing intraoperative findings.

Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are rare. Their optimal care is still poorly defined because of their rarity and of the resulting difficulty to conceive large clinical trials. This review of the literature presents the current clinical and therapeutic data on this form of tumors and underlines the need for a multidisciplinary approach to advanced stage TET. Three clinical situations can be encountered: encapsuled tumors lead to radical surgery; tumors associated with capsular invasion justify a postoperative radiotherapy; advanced stages require a multimodal treatment by chemotherapy, possibly completed by surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Besides systemic chemotherapies, the place of new therapeutic strategies, such as somatostatin analogues and targeted treatments, requires to be defined. Treatment of late stage TET is based upon a multidisciplinary dialogue, ideally by a reference team.

We report a case of Mazabraud syndrome diagnosed in a 53 year old female patient. This disease is characterized by the association of a fibrous dysplasia with one or several intramuscular myxoma(s). The literature related to this pathology is poor and only reports a few cases. The aetiology has not been fully established: a genetic hypothesis seems most likely given the common association with McCune-Albright syndrome. Although rare, the incidence of Mazabraud syndrome seems underestimated, probably out of ignorance. The aim of this article is to describe Mazabraud syndrome and its common features. The management of fibrous dysplasia of bone and benign soft tissue tumors will also be outlined.