Acute respiratory illnesses cause substantial morbidity worldwide. Cough is a common symptom in these childhood respiratory illnesses, but no large cohort data are available on whether various cough characteristics can differentiate between these etiologies.

Traditional methods for cardiopulmonary assessment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pose risks to both patients and examiners. This necessitates a remote examination of such patients without sacrificing information quality.

The interaction between tumor size and the comparative prognosis of lobar and sublobar resection has been defined poorly.

To reduce the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, many pulmonary function testing (PFT) laboratories have been closed or have significantly reduced their testing capacity. Because these mitigation strategies may be necessary for the next 6 to 18 months to prevent recurrent peaks in disease prevalence, fewer objective measurements of lung function will alter the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. PFT, which includes spirometry, lung volume, and diffusion capacity measurement, is essential to the diagnosis and management of patients with asthma, COPD, and other chronic lung conditions. Both traditional and innovative alternatives to conventional testing must now be explored. These may include peak expiratory flow devices, electronic portable spirometers, portable exhaled nitric oxide measurement, airwave oscillometry devices, and novel digital health tools such as smartphone microphone spirometers and mobile health technologies along with integration of machine learning approaches. The adoption of some novel approaches may not merely replace but could improve existing management strategies and alter common diagnostic paradigms. With these options comes important technical, privacy, ethical, financial, and medicolegal barriers that must be addressed. However, the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic also presents a unique opportunity to augment conventional testing by including innovative and emerging approaches to measuring lung function remotely in patients with respiratory disease. The benefits of such an approach have the potential to enhance respiratory care and empower patient self-management well beyond the current global pandemic.

One of the major challenges in treating OSA is to achieve adequate CPAP adherence. Telemonitoring has the potential to provide individualized management and early recognition of problems during treatment.

No large prospective data, to our knowledge, are available on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) and ARDS is complex. Standardized management of HRF and ARDS may improve adherence to evidence-informed practice and improve outcomes.

Decisions about lung cancer screening are inherently complex and create a need for methods to convey the risks and benefits of screening to patients.

Previous studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the association between OSA and cancer in humans.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is frequently detected in the BAL fluid of patients on mechanical ventilation.

European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines include thermodilution cardiac index (TDCI) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) as two of the three hemodynamic determinations used in risk assessment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). SvO2 may be a better measurement than TDCI to assess prognosis in patients with either idiopathic or heritable PAH.

Systemic capillary leak syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by dysfunctional inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction, and extravasation of fluid from the vascular space to the interstitial space leading to shock, hemoconcentration, hypoalbuminemia, and subsequent organ failure. The condition may be idiopathic or secondary to an underlying cause, which can include viral infections. Here we describe a patient with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection who presented with hemoconcentration, shock, and hypoalbuminemia. The patient subsequently developed rhabdomyolysis and compartment syndrome of all four extremities, requiring fasciotomies. This is the first reported case of systemic capillary leak syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection. This case adds to the evolving spectrum of inflammatory effects associated with this viral infection.

There are currently no reference standards for the development of competence in bronchoscopy.

Pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis are characterized by airway inflammation and may cause irreversible lung damage. Early identification of such exacerbations may facilitate early initiation of treatment, thereby potentially reducing long-term morbidity.

In patients with bronchiectasis, airway clearance techniques (ACTs) are important management strategies.