To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and comparative studies comparing mesenchymal stromal cells other orthobiological injections for patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Study DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature regarding the therapeutic effect of embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells on the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. Primary outcome measures were overall American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores, ASIA motor and sensory scores, urinary and bowel function, pain, and adverse events.MethodsStudies with human patients ages 18-80 years receiving embryonic, induced pluripotent, or mesenchymal stem cells for SCI were included. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool and the Newcastle Ottawa scale for randomized and non-randomized studies, respectively. Primary outcomes were overall ASIA grade, ASIA motor scores, ASIA sensory scores, bladder and bowel function, pain, and adverse events.ResultsThirty total studies with 656 patients were included, with 43.3% of patients experiencing improvement in ASIA grade, 49.4% in motor function, and 73.6% in sensory function. Qualitative analysis of bladder and bowel outcomes suggests overall improved sensation and control. No serious adverse events were reported. The most common side effects were mild and resolved within hours to weeks without requiring additional medical treatment.ConclusionsStem cell transplantation for SCI appears to offer moderate improvements in overall ASIA grade, motor, sensory, bladder, and bowel function, accompanied by a relatively mild and transient side effect profile. Further research, particularly high-quality, blinded, randomized controlled trials, is essential to optimize treatment protocols and achieve more consistent and improved clinical outcomes.

Neurological disorders, ranging from common conditions like Alzheimer's disease that is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and remains the most common cause of dementia worldwide to rare disorders such as Angelman syndrome, impose a significant global health burden. Altered facial expressions are a common symptom across these disorders, potentially serving as a diagnostic indicator. Deep learning algorithms, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have shown promise in detecting these facial expression changes, aiding in diagnosing and monitoring neurological conditions.

The modulation of microglial reactivity has emerged as a potential target for developing ischemic stroke therapies. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) possess immunomodulatory properties that may influence microglial responses following ischemia. However, individual studies assessing this influence have provided limited results. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether MSC-EVs treatment alters microglial responses in animal and cellular models of ischemic stroke. In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE until October 2023 for studies assessing cellular and molecular parameters of microglial reactivity following MSC-EVs treatment in models of ischemic stroke. We estimated treatment effects using a random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences and estimated heterogeneity via the I2 statistic. The risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE questionnaire. The search identified 297 studies, 27 of which met the inclusion criteria. In animal models, MSC-EVs reduced the number, surface area, and fluorescence intensity of Iba1+ cells, as well as the number of Iba1+ cells co-expressing the pro-inflammatory markers CD16, CD32, CD85, and iNOS. Conversely, MSC-EVs increased the number of Iba1+ cells co-expressing the anti-inflammatory markers Arg-1 and CD206. In cellular models, we observed decreased concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the culture medium. Our meta-analysis consolidates the immunomodulatory effects of MSC-EVs on microglial responses to ischemia, underscoring the potential of microglia-specific therapeutics in the development of MSC-EVs-based and regenerative treatments for ischemic stroke.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder with limited non-surgical treatment options. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AD-MSC) therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative approach; however, the comparative efficacy and safety of autologous versus allogeneic AD-MSCs remain unclear. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated the effectiveness and safety of intra-articular AD-MSCs in adults with Kellgren-Lawrence Grade II-IV knee OA. A comprehensive search identified eight randomized controlled trials that compared high-dose autologous, high-dose allogeneic, and low-dose allogeneic AD-MSCs to placebo or standard care interventions, such as hyaluronic acid, corticosteroids, or physical therapy. The primary outcomes were pain relief, assessed by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and functional improvement, measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), at three, six, and 12 months. Treatment rankings were determined using Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. High-dose autologous AD-MSCs ranked highest for pain relief at three, six, and 12 months (VAS SUCRA: 75.99%, 82.27%, 81.65%), while high-dose allogeneic AD-MSCs ranked highest for functional improvement at six and 12 months (WOMAC SUCRA: 74.6%, 71.71%). Low-dose allogeneic AD-MSCs consistently ranked lowest for both outcomes. Adverse event analysis indicated that low-dose allogeneic AD-MSCs had the highest risk of adverse effects (SUCRA: 22.24%), followed by high-dose allogeneic AD-MSCs (26.52%). In contrast, high-dose autologous AD-MSCs ranked safer (SUCRA: 54.08%). Serious adverse events were rare and unrelated to treatment, and consistency testing confirmed no significant inconsistencies in the NMA framework. Overall, high-dose autologous AD-MSCs provided sustained pain relief over 12 months, while high-dose allogeneic AD-MSCs demonstrated superior long-term functional improvement. These findings support a two-phase treatment model in which autologous AD-MSCs offer early and prolonged symptom relief, and allogeneic AD-MSCs assist in long-term joint recovery. Overall, AD-MSC therapy was well tolerated and may represent a viable, personalized, non-surgical knee OA management strategy.

Managing sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain is challenging and unpredictable. There are no internationally accepted recommendations. In light of the lack of global consensus and guidelines and the ongoing advancements in management options, a widely accepted treatment algorithm remains absent. This systematic review updates and evaluates the existing evidence on strategies for managing SIJ pain.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a grave autoimmune disorder because of no insulin self-generation. Currently, mainly clinical methods exist, serious adverse effects leading to stem cell therapy are considered. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), require high differentiation capacity and are judged as crucial in DM treatment. The meta-analysis aimed to systemically analyze the particular types of MSCs which play a more important role in DM and which DM is treated more effectively.

Facial symptoms of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-such as reduced skin elasticity, fibrosis and microstomy-significantly impact quality of life. In recent years, autologous fat grafting has emerged as a promising treatment for these issues, but determining the optimal timing and techniques for fat injection remains a challenge for surgeons. Our study aimed to perform a systematic review of the available literature to establish a standardised protocol for this procedure. We reviewed all relevant studies published up to 18 August 2023, focusing specifically on diffuse facial scleroderma. In addition to clinical reports, we included articles discussing the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the effects of adipose stem cells. A total of 18 articles were analysed, revealing a range of methods and timelines for the procedure. The volume of fat injected varied from 6 cc for perioral treatment to 72 cc for a full-face approach, with treatment intervals ranging from one session per year to one every 3 months. On average, around 50% of the fat was reabsorbed within 6 months. Adipose stem cells were identified as a key factor in both tissue regeneration and fat resorption rates. This review supports the effectiveness of autologous fat grafting for facial scleroderma, emphasising the role of adipose stem cells. For optimal results, two procedures spaced 3-6 months apart, followed by annual maintenance, are recommended. Consistent fat volumes in different facial areas are essential to achieve longer-lasting outcomes and minimise resorption.

Metformin's topical application has proven to be a therapeutic wound healing dressing via pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, autophagy-promoting, and antibacterial effects. The systematic review article aimed to evaluate the available evidence (from both preclinical and clinical studies), in order to better understand its therapeutic potential in wound care. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases till January 2025. A total of 26 studies included in final analysis according to inclusion criteria. The majority of preclinical investigations demonstrated accelerated wound healing with characterized of increased wound closure and collagen deposition, elevated pro-angiogenic markers (e.g., VEGF, CD31, and α-SMA), suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and induction of autophagy signaling. Notably, biomaterial-based delivery platform applications such as hydrogels and nanofibers greatly magnified these therapeutic effects. While encouraging results in in-vitro, in-vivo and animal models have been documented, clinical studies remain limited in scope. In fact, this large disparity between preclinical results and limited clinical evidences obviously highlights the urgent need for properly designed human trials to determine safety, efficacy, and best delivery modalities of topical metformin. Collectively, topical metformin is a novel and potentially valuable addition to wound treatment cares, which could be subjected to further clinical study.

Understanding the biology of implant-associated infections is essential in order to provide adequate detection, prevention and therapeutic strategies. Advanced 3D in vitro models offer valuable insights into the complex interactions between cells and bacteria in the presence of implant materials. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of current 3D in vitro models that mimic implant-associated infections.

Introduction: Hypertrophic and keloid scars are abnormal tissue growth that can be disfiguring, for which the available treatment has not yielded consistent results. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the capability of Adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) therapy in treating these scars. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until July 2022. We included experimental studies that evaluated ADSCs as a therapy for hypertrophic and keloid scars in both in-vivo and in-vitro models. Results: Our findings extracted from 12 included studies demonstrated that ADSCs have a promising potential in reducing collagen deposition, proliferation, and migration rates of fibroblast, decreasing gene/protein expression of scar-related molecules including levels of TGF-β1 and lowering intracellular signal pathway-related molecules of hypertrophic and keloid scars in both models. However, no significant difference (P > .05) was found in the hypertrophic scar in-vitro models in terms of DCN gene expression. Conclusion: Ultimately, the current studies included in this systematic review support the use of ADSCs to alleviate hypertrophic and keloid scars.

Stem cell therapy (SCT) is increasingly recognized for its potential in managing cognitive impairment, particularly that of dementia. The application of SCT aims to restore cognitive functioning in people living with dementia. Beyond pre-clinical studies, several clinical trials have evaluated specific stem cell (SC) types for their efficacy in treating dementia.

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) aim to regenerate structural and functional integrity of necrosed or infected dental pulp, while promoting root development and closure. Conventional treatment methods often fail to regenerate dental pulp tissues effectively. This systematic review investigates the efficacy of stem cell therapy in REPs.

In vitro gametogenesis offers a powerful platform to explore the complexities of female germline development while bypassing ethical and technical barriers in human and non-human primate research. This systematic review examined 23 articles that reported meiotic entry from differentiated pluripotent stem cells or ex vivo-cultured fetal germ cells from humans, cynomolgus monkeys or marmosets and were published between 2009 and 2025. By comparing methodologies and outcomes, the review highlighted current progress and ongoing challenges in inducing meiotic progression in primates. Although complete oogenesis using in vitro gametogenesis has been successfully achieved in mice, extending this success to primates remains a major hurdle, with meiotic entry representing a key milestone toward realizing in vitro gametogenesis in humans.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a high incidence cancer and health problem influenced by many factors emphasizes on the importance of identifying risk factors which can be modified. A dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) style promotes a balanced nutrition approach that might have effects on CRC. The aim of this study was to analyze existing evidence on the DASH diet's association with CRC.

Arthroscopic repair is currently the gold standard for the surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears, but the retear rates remain unacceptably high. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may play a role in the local biology and enhance tendon-to-bone healing during rotator cuff repair. However, the scientific literature is still not well systematized on the effects of injection of MSCs as an augmentation tool for rotator cuff repair. Our goal was to investigate the effect of injections of MSCs to augment rotator cuff repair in patients with rotator cuff tear.

Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) is a reliable source of progenitor cells that facilitate healing, and it is typically harvested from the iliac crest. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare total nucleated cell (TNC) count and the presence of colony-forming units (CFUs) in BMAC harvested from axial versus appendicular harvest sites.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can traverse the blood-brain barrier due to their small size. This characteristic makes them a research hotspot for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is expected to be a potentially revolutionary strategy for treating PD. Despite this, no summary of clinical trial results has been reported.

This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in the treatment of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) through a network meta-analysis and to discuss the optimal transplantation strategy for treatment.

To advance research in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and guide researchers in choosing the optimal model to answer their research questions, we performed a systematic review of all models investigating HCM induced by gene variants ranging from animal models to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Our research question entailed: which experimental models of HCM have been created thus far, and which major hallmarks of HCM do they present? Out of the 603 included papers, the majority included animal models, though a clear transition to hiPSC-CM is visible since 2010. Our review showed that only 36 mouse models showed minimal 4 out of 6 HCM disease markers (cell/cardiac hypertrophy, disarray, fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and arrhythmias), while only 17 hiPSC-CM models showed 3 out of 4 HCM cell characteristics. Our review emphasizes the need to better report data on sample size, sex, age, and relevant disease-specific characteristics.