Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency and histopathological studies are the gold standard for confirmation of clinical diagnosis and key methods of discovering appendiceal neoplasm. Appendiceal neoplasms are uncommon and are mostly identified by pathologic examination after appendectomy for presumed appendicitis as an incidental finding.

Spinal cord tumors, though uncommon, pose significant challenges due to their potential for neurological disability and mortality. Intramedullary spinal cord tumors, particularly Long-level intramedullary spinal cord tumors, present challenging clinical scenarios. Contrast-enhanced Magnetic resonance imaging remains pivotal for radiological evaluation and surgical planning. Notably, aggressive resection is advocated to enhance prognosis, with meticulous attention to preserving neurological function. Advancements in spinal surgery techniques, coupled with intraoperative monitoring, offer promising avenues for improved patient outcomes. We presented three cases of long-level intramedullary tumors, emphasizing the significance of tailored management and presented details, including clinical presentations, radiological findings, and histopathological results.

Leiomyomas are a common gynaecological condition affecting 20-30% of women over the age of 35, with prevalence decreasing following menopause. Leiomyomas are most commonly found within the uterus. Rarer extra-uterine locations include the broad ligament, cervix, and vagina. We present an unusual case of multiple Left Broad Ligament Leiomyomata that extended from Left Iliac Fossa and Hypogastrium to Epigastric region in a 50-year-old female. Our case highlights the importance for extra-uterine leiomyoma to be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with huge abdominal mass suspicious of adnexal tumor or malignancy.

The "TRIANGLE operation" involves the en-bloc removal of the tumor and the entire "mesopancreas" from the triangle-shaped space bounded by the superior mesenteric artery, coeliac trunk, and portal vein. This study assessed lymph node yield in apical tissue during the triangle operation.

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (GCT) is a rare, benign disorder involving the joint's synovial lining, tendon sheath or bursa. It can be classified as localized or diffuse based on its pattern and behavior. Localized form is extremely rare in knee joint. We present an unusual case of localized form of GCT in Hoffa's fat pad in a young female, treated with arthroscopic resection and monitored for over two years with no recurrence. Despite its rarity, GCT of Hoffa's fat pad should be considered in cases of non-traumatic knee pain.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare slow-growing but aggressive malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells of mucous-secreting glands. Primary intracranial ACC is one of the rarest entity. We report a case of a 61 years old male presenting with difficulty in swallowing, slurring of speech, generalized body weakness. Patient had residual right cerebellopontine angle (CPA) mass causing midline shift and fourth ventricular obstruction on MRI. Patient underwent right retrosigmoid craniotomy with excision of CPA mass. Histopathological examination confirmed the case as primary intracranial ACC.

Uterine leiomyoma, also known as a fibroid, is a benign mesenchymal tumor derived from the smooth muscle of the uterus. It is the most common tumor in women with an estimated incidence of 20%-40% in women during their reproductive years. Leiomyoma can occur in any organ, but the most common forms appear in the uterus. This study is conducted to analyze histomorphological patterns of uterine leiomyomas.

Liver cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma representing its most prevalent form. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the key factors driving the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, with a particular emphasis on immune-related mechanisms. Furthermore, we delve into the emerging roles of galectins, particularly galectin-1 and galectin-3, in hepatocellular carcinoma pathobiology, underscoring their potential utility as biomarkers for assessing disease severity and progression. These insights contribute to a better understanding of the molecular and immunological underpinnings of hepatocellular carcinoma, paving the way for more targeted therapeutic strategies.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, primarily due to tumor heterogeneity and treatment resistance. The leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 19 (LRRC19) has been linked to immune regulation and tumor suppression, yet its specific role in CRC remains poorly understood.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden due to its high incidence and mortality, with treatment efficacy often hindered by tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and a complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Lactate metabolism plays a pivotal role in reshaping the TME, promoting immune evasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, making it a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies and prognostic modeling in CRC.

Enzalutamide is classified as a novel antiandrogen medication; however, the majority of patients ultimately develop resistance to it. Consequently, conducting an in-depth investigation into potential targets of enzalutamide is essential for addressing the drug resistance observed in patients and for facilitating the discovery of new therapeutic targets. The SwissTargetPrediction database was used to identify targets linked to enzalutamide and to assess these targets in the prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) dataset sourced from the TCGA database. By employing various datasets and applying different machine learning methods for clustering, researchers constructed and validated both diagnostic and prognostic models for PRAD. A correlation analysis with the androgen receptor revealed TDP1 as the gene most significantly associated with enzalutamide. In addition, this study examined the relationship between TDP1 and immune infiltration. The expression levels of TDP1 and its prognostic correlation in PRAD patients were validated through immunofluorescence staining of 60 PRAD tissue specimens. Cluster analysis revealed a notable correlation among the 24 genes related to enzalutamide with regard to both prognosis and immune infiltration in PRAD patients. The diagnostic model, which incorporates various machine learning techniques, exhibits robust predictive ability for PRAD diagnosis, while the prognostic model employing the LASSO algorithm has also shown encouraging outcomes. Among the various prognostic genes linked to enzalutamide, TDP1 stands out as an important indicator of prognosis. Furthermore, immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that an increased expression of TDP1 is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with PRAD. Our results underscore the substantial potential of TDP1 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for individuals diagnosed with PRAD.

breast cancer is a major public health concern in Morocco due to delayed diagnosis and treatment, largely due to its high incidence. It is the most prevalent cancer in women. This study aimed to report the epidemiological and the molecular profile of invasive breast carcinoma using surrogate immunohistochemical markers.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is a rare but highly aggressive subtype of gastric cancer (GC) associated with an unfavorable prognosis, particularly in advanced or metastatic stages. While the standard first-line treatment for advanced GC involves immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy, HAS often shows a poor therapeutic response to this regimen. The hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment is considered a key factor limiting ICI efficacy, and combining hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) with immunotherapy may offer a synergistic sensitizing effect.

Myeloid Zinc Finger 1 (MZF1) is a zinc finger transcription factor gene that regulates gene expression by recognizing and binding to specific DNA sequences. Preliminary studies have suggested that MZF1 plays a pivotal role in the invasion and metastasis of various solid cancers. However, its role within the tumor immune microenvironment, as well as its prognostic value and potential for predicting responses to immunotherapy across different cancer types, remains inadequately explored and warrants a comprehensive systematic analysis.

Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mucins, a family of glycoproteins crucial for maintaining epithelial integrity and regulating immune responses, have emerged as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the context of lung cancer. The expression patterns and functional roles of mucin family members significantly influence lung cancer progression, thereby shaping diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this disease. A more detailed classification of mucin family members could facilitate diagnosis and patient assessments, as well as help identify potential therapeutic targets. This review thoroughly examines the latest advancements in understanding the role of mucins in lung cancer progression, prognosis, and treatment, while also highlighting knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research, thus providing new perspectives for the management of this disease.

The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer are both elevated. In lung cancer, leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a serious consequence. Patients suffering from LM have severe symptoms and a short survival time. Numerous studies have shown a connection between the prognosis of lung cancer and the composition of the gut microbiota. However, Current knowledge regarding the gut microbiota and metabolites in lung cancer patients with LM, as well as their potential impacts on LM pathogenesis, remains remarkably limited.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is widely recognized as a potent risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma, although only a small percentage of infected individuals develop malignancy. Recent advances have provided insights into how H. pylori contributes to gastric tumorigenesis through the modulation of inflammation, DNA damage, and cellular junctions via shared host cell targets and signaling pathways. A thorough examination of the signaling pathways altered by H. pylori infection could facilitate the discovery of previously unidentified infectious causes of cancer. This, in turn, would support the development of preventive strategies for H. pylori-related gastric malignancies by understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis. This review highlights recent advancements in understanding how H. pylori influences host cell signaling pathways to impact inflammation, genomic stability, abnormal cell proliferation, and other biological processes that promote the onset and progression of gastric cancer.

Multidrug resistance (MDR), the most common cause of waning in cancer chemotherapy, hampers the effectiveness of available different anticancer drugs in treating this disease. This MDR is triggered by a class of membrane transporter proteins called ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters via drug efflux mechanism which is ATP-dependent. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ABC transporter is encoded by the MDR1/ABCB1 gene, is normally involved in the expulsion of toxins from normal cells and also confers resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents. Inhibition of these membrane bound ABC transporters in drug resistant cells to reverse this MDR mechanism is a well-known approach to enhance the safety and efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. The molecular docking studies between apigenin & P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/ABCB1/MDR1 revealed that apigenin possesses greater binding affinity with transmembrane domain (TMD) region of P-gp/ABCB1/MDR1. In this study, pretreatment with apigenin significantly enhanced antiproliferative effect of PTX in NCI-H460 cells. Comparing Rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) drug efflux mechanism studies among the treatment groups, revealed that apigenin significantly and PTX moderately inhibit transport function when compared to control. Additionally, in comparison to control cells, apigenin treatment drastically decreased the mRNA expression levels of ABCB1/MDR1. Furthermore, expression of ABCB1/MDR1 was found to be downregulated during apigenin treatment. In this study, apigenin enhanced cytotoxicity of PTX in NCI-H460 cells. This might be due to enhanced PTX availability as apigenin inhibits membrane transport function. Thus, the present findings illustrate the modulatory role of apigenin on PTX sensitization in relatively resistant NCI-H460 cells.

Zoledronic acid (ZA), a bisphosphonate derivate, became the standard for preserving bone structure in cancer. Using various intracellular signaling pathways, including NF-κB, ZA inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and has additive and synergistic effects with cytotoxic agents. However, it has been observed that resistance has developed against ZA. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of ZA resistance in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by investigating the activity and localization of the human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), changes in the NF-κB pathway, and the markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Previously, MCF-7 cells were stepwise selected in increasing concentrations of ZA and became resistant to 8 µM ZA (MCF-7/Zol). We determined that BCRP levels were elevated with altered intracellular localization in ZA resistant MCF-7 cells, and BCRP pump caused a decrease in the substrate accumulation in the MCF-7/Zol cells whereas no change in intercellular substrate accumulation was observed in parental cells. MCF-7/Zol cells have increased amount of phosphorylated IκB which is associated with increased nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Concordantly, BCRP upregulation may be associated with increased nuclear NF-κB in ZA resistant cells. MCF-7/Zol cells did not harbor EMT markers. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms of resistance developed against chemotherapeutic agents is important to target critical pathways and proteins to eliminate the resistant clones as well as for determining biomarkers for MDR.

By examining several hundred pathographies of composers, we identified numerous skin changes . We emphasize Rachmaninov's melanoma. Notable pathographies were studied in more details and shown chronologically by the composers date of birth. Skin changes in composers were usually mild and rarely fatal.