Immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM) with autoantibodies targeting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (anti-HMGCR) is considered a rare complication of statin therapy. We calculate the incidence of anti-HMGCR IMNM and describe clinical characteristics in four independent cohorts: Manchester (UK), Bristol (UK), Western Australia (WA, Australia) and South Australia (SA, Australia).

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease primarily affecting older adults, mainly impacting the hip and knee joints. The increasing prevalence of OA contributes to rising healthcare demands and costs. Current OA treatment guidelines emphasize the importance of self-management education and guidance, particularly in promoting physical activity and weight management. In addition, improving sleep is crucial for managing OA. Developing effective self-management interventions necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the factors that facilitate these behaviors. Especially for changing health behaviors, it is important to focus on psychosocial factors. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to identify the psychosocial factors associated with physical activity, weight management, and sleep in adults with hip and/or knee OA.

To investigate the prevalence, timing, and risk factors at diagnosis associated with relapses in giant cell arteritis (GCA), with a separate analysis of major and minor relapses.

Physical activity (PA) or exercise, an essential health behaviour, may impart beneficial biological effects. Association of PA with the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been explored to date. This study aimed to evaluate the association of PA with the incidence of SLE via a prospective study.

Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is multifactorial, with endothelial dysfunction being a significant, but not exclusive contributor. This risk is further worsened by accelerated atherosclerosis, increased arterial stiffness, and other inflammation-associated pathophysiological mechanisms, alongside traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This study evaluated the effects of six months of anti-inflammatory therapy on endothelial biomarkers, including E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Additionally, correlations between changes in biomarker concentration and FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT) arterial uptake were examined.

The relationship between immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and cancer survival appears to be irregular and complex. However, the impact of IMIDs before vs after cancer onset on patient survival has not been clearly defined. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between IMIDs diagnosed before or after cancer onset and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality in cancer.

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are a heterogeneous group of conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus. With the increasing availability of large single-cell datasets, novel disease-associated cell types continue to be identified and characterized at multiple omics layers, for example, 'T peripheral helper' (TPH) (CXCR5- PD-1hi) cells in RA and systemic lupus erythematosus and MerTK+ myeloid cells in RA. Despite efforts to define disease-relevant cell atlases, the very definition of a 'cell type' or 'lineage' has proven controversial as higher resolution assays emerge. This Review explores the cell types and states involved in disease pathogenesis, with a focus on the shifting perspectives on immune and stromal cell taxonomy. These understandings of cell identity are closely related to the computational methods adopted for analysis, with implications for the interpretation of single-cell data. Understanding the underlying cellular architecture of disease is also crucial for therapeutic research as ambiguity hinders translation to the clinical setting. We discuss the implications of different frameworks for cell identity for disease treatment and the discovery of predictive biomarkers for stratified medicine - an unmet clinical need for autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an immune-mediated myopathy characterized by proximal muscle weakness, inflammation, and cutaneous manifestations. Up to 25% of DM patients have an associated malignancy. Those with cancer-associated DM often face worse prognoses, poorer treatment responses, and reduced survival rates. Interestingly, anti TIF1γ-positive DM patients are notably at increased risk for malignancy, yet the underlying mechanisms and clinical correlation remain poorly understood. Nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC) is a safe, non-invasive method for assessing vascular abnormalities, previously explored in various DM subsets but not specifically in anti TIF1γ-positive DM patients with malignancy. This study aims to characterize NVC findings in anti-TIF1γ-positive DM and assess their clinical relevance, particularly in malignancy-associated cases.

Systemic vasculitis, common forms of which include anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated small-vessel vasculitis, large-vessel vasculitis and Behçet syndrome, are frequently complicated by arterial or venous thrombotic events (AVTEs). Newly identified entities such as DADA2 (deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2) and VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome, which are driven by genetic mutations, also exhibit vasculitic features and are associated with a high risk of AVTEs. AVTEs in systemic vasculitis, including monogenic forms of vasculitis, are due to the complex interaction of inflammation and coagulation. New insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms implicate endothelial dysfunction, immune complex deposition and the interplay of pro-inflammatory cytokines with prothrombotic factors, which collectively promote thrombus formation. AVTEs impose a substantial disease burden, complicate diagnosis and negatively affect prognosis by increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent lasting damage. Management strategies should target both thrombosis and underlying inflammation. Antithrombotic therapies, including low-dose aspirin, or oral anticoagulants should be used on the basis of individual thrombotic risk assessment. Immunosuppressive therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for arterial and venous thrombosis, particularly in Behçet syndrome, in which vascular inflammation has a crucial role in thrombotic complications.

In the TULIP-1 and TULIP-2 phase 3 trials, anifrolumab treatment was associated with clinical efficacy and clinically meaningful improvements in multiple patient-reported outcomes over 52 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). At the end of TULIP-1 and TULIP-2 (week 52), eligible patients could reconsent to enter a 3-year long-term extension trial (TULIP-LTE). Here, we investigated changes in patient-reported outcomes during treatment with anifrolumab or placebo for up to 4 years in patients with SLE who were receiving standard therapy.

Considerable data support early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to obtain disease remission. Data from the National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit (NEIAA) in England and Wales suggest that, despite recent improvements in referral-to-treatment times, remission rates remain unchanged. We investigated reasons for this disconnect by evaluating temporal trends, geographical variation, and predictors of remission in individuals with new RA diagnoses.

CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has advanced treatment strategies for severe autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Data regarding side-effects are mostly generated from patients with malignancies, but little is known about autoimmune disease-specific adverse events. This study aimed to describe autoimmune disease-specific adverse events that occur with CAR T-cell therapy.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of baricitinib (BAR) add-on therapy for refractory or severe juvenile dermatomyositis (rsJDM) in a practical, real-world setting.

Effective biological markers able to monitor the response of Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) are lacking. Exosomal microRNAs (exomiRNAs) can alter their expression during treatment and are ideal biomarkers for therapeutic interventions. In this study, we explored potential biomarkers for monitoring tofacitinib treatment response in patients with RA.