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3381. Mitigation of respiratory syncytial virus epidemics by RSVpreF vaccines after the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a modelling study.
作者: Zhanwei Du.;Lin Wang.;Yuan Bai.;Yao Pei.;Peng Wu.;Benjamin J Cowling.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S39页
The RSVpreF vaccines have breakthrough progress. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for older adults from GlaxoSmithKline was the first RSV vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in early May 2023, followed by the subsequent FDA approval of Pfizer's RSV vaccines for older adults and pregnant women. We aimed to estimate the public health impact of the potential population-level administrations of the RSVpreF vaccine in the UK.
3382. Medical consequences of "contingency accommodation" for people seeking asylum: thematic analysis of a survey from professionals working in contingency accommodation.
作者: Joanna Dobbin.;Catarina Alves Soares.;Francesca Burns.;Naomi Miall.;Nathaniel Aspray.;Hannah Mohammad.;Maya Bowles.;Frank Arnold.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S38页
Concerns about the housing of migrants and asylum seekers have escalated since the COVID-19 pandemic. From the use of quasi-detention facilities and so-called contingency accommodation to outbreaks of diphtheria in processing centres, there is a worrying trend to normalise potentially damaging conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the health risks posed by contingency housing for asylum seekers in the UK.
3383. Evaluation of Dementia Actif, a dementia-friendly exercise and wellbeing programme: mixed-methods study.
Dementia Actif provides group physical activity opportunities to support and enhance the quality of life for people living with dementia (PLWD) and their carers. The activities offer include physical exercise classes, Boccia league, online activities, and various clubs (eg, gardening). The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the Dementia Actif programme delivered in one local authority area in North Wales, UK.
3384. Patient journey and costs through a brain health clinic compared with a memory clinic: a costing study.
Dementia and Alzheimer's disease are the leading cause of death in England, with prevalence estimated to rise with an ageing population. 2021 cost estimates were £25 billion, rising to an estimated £47 billion in 2050. Brain health clinics (BHC) offer patients with memory concerns access to higher quality memory assessment and imaging than memory clinics, which are the usual care. BHCs aim to offer patients a more accurate and timely diagnosis, resulting in more specific treatment options. BHCs also offer patients the opportunity to take part in research. We aimed to compare the cost of a patient journey through a BHC and a memory clinic as part of an evaluation of the BHC model.
3385. Developing and piloting an intervention to reduce colposcopy non-attendance and corresponding inequalities: a mixed-methods study.
作者: Allison Cowling.;Lisa Nevens.;Nicole Contogiorgi.;Nicol Bradley.;Chris Wilcockson.;Clare Stebbings.;Peter McMeekin.;Mel Steer.;Jill Harland.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S35页
Cervical cancer incidence and mortality is higher in lower income populations. Non-attendance for colposcopy following cervical screening is higher in deprived areas and younger patients. Diagnostic delays reduce the benefits of screening, increasing risk of pre-cancerous cells being undetected or treated later. We aimed to better understand drivers of colposcopy non-attendance and pilot a targeted intervention. Women and people with a cervix (referred to as patients in this paper) access colposcopy services.
3386. Tracing the temporal trends of modifiable risk factors in dementia: insights from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2004-2019).
Dementia's growing impact, especially in ageing societies such as the UK, emphasises the importance of modifiable risk factors as primary prevention targets. Despite this, the temporal progression and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of dementia attributable to these factors remain unclear. This investigation aims to examine the temporal trajectories of the modifiable risk factors for dementia in England from 2004 to 2019.
3387. Business leaders' perceptions of how workplace charters can reduce health inequalities for employees in West Yorkshire, England: a qualitative study.
Workplace interventions to increase the number of good quality jobs can help reduce widening health inequalities in England and are an important area for public health research. Over the past decade, workplace charters led by local and regional government authorities have become increasingly popular. Charters typically include commitments on workplace practices-such as job security, pay, wellbeing, and employee voice-and an assessment and award process. Still, there is limited knowledge on how this intervention works. We aimed to understand the views of business leaders on how workplace charters can reduce health inequalities for employees.
3388. Interventions to improve access to primary care for inclusion health groups in England: a scoping review.
作者: Elspeth Carruthers.;Joanna Dobbin.;Lucy Fagan.;Ada Humphrey.;Ahimza Nagasivam.;Kerrie Stevenson.;Jin-Min Yuan.;Robert W Aldridge.;Rachel Burns.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S32页
Everyone in England has the right to primary care without financial charges. Nevertheless, evidence shows that barriers remain for inclusion health populations such as vulnerable migrants, people experiencing homelessness, Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller (GRT) communities, and people who sell sex. There is little evidence for what works to improve access. This study was a scoping review of interventions to improve access to mainstream primary care for inclusion health groups in England.
3389. Deaths of despair in England: an observational study of local authority mortality data.
Deaths of Despair (DoD) are socially patterned causes of death encompassing drug and alcohol misuse and suicide. DoDs are strongly associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. England has high levels of inequalities, so we hypothesised the existence of marked geographical variations in DoD. We aimed to yield new knowledge on the spatial distribution of DoD, and area-level socioeconomic factors that predict DoD risk in England.
3390. The heterogeneous effects of China's hierarchical medical system reforms on health service utilisation and health outcomes among elderly populations: a longitudinal quasi-experimental study.
System-wide, comprehensive, primary health care (PHC)-oriented health reforms are infrequently introduced in low-income and middle-income countries and often poorly studied. China initiated a large-scale reform in 2015 that included multiple policies: partial gatekeeping, a family physician scheme, and increased system integration. These policies aimed to build a PHC-oriented health system and improve primary care utilisation. This study assessed the heterogeneous effects of the reforms on health service utilisation and health outcomes across regions and over time.
3391. Explaining differential socioeconomic effects in population health interventions: development and application of a new tool to classify intervention agentic demand.
作者: Kate Garrott.;David Ogilvie.;Jenna Panter.;Amanda Sowden.;Mark Petticrew.;Catrin Penn-Jones.;Campbell Foubister.;Emma Lawlor.;Erika Ikeda.;Richard Patterson.;Dolly Van Tulleken.;Roxanne Armstrong-Moore.;Gokulan Vethanayakam.;Lorna Bo.;Martin White.;Jean Adams.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S3页
The agentic demand of population health interventions (PHIs) might influence how interventions work. Highly agentic interventions (eg, information campaigns) rely on recipients noticing and responding to the intervention. Resources required for individuals to benefit from highly agentic interventions have a socioeconomical pattern, thus agentic demand might affect intervention effectiveness and equity. Systematic evidence exploring these associations is missing due to the absence of adequate tools to classify agentic demands. We aimed to develop such a tool and test its application.
3392. Did anonymity in self-administered questionnaires improve disclosure of sensitive information during the 2022 mpox outbreak in England? An observational study.
作者: Neil Bray.;Paula Blomquist.;Jo Hardstaff.;Christopher Jarvis.;Denise Melchin.;Charlie Turner.;Alice Graham.;Sooria Balasegaram.;Roberto Vivancos.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S29页
Between May 6, 2022, and Jan 16, 2023, 3555 mpox cases were reported in England, predominantly in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Initially, the UK Health Security agency administered questionnaires to laboratory-detected cases via telephone calls. From June, 2022, cases were requested by text or email to complete the questionnaire online, with optional anonymous completion. To inform future approaches, we assess whether anonymity improved disclosure of sensitive information.
3393. Physical health of care-experienced young children in high-income countries: a scoping review.
作者: Daniel R R Bradford.;Adam Swift.;Mirjam Allik.;Alex D McMahon.;Denise Brown.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S28页
Good health in the early years lays the foundation for lifelong health. Children with experience of extraparental care (eg, foster, kinship, residential) have poorer outcomes than children without such experience. Common health conditions in high-income countries differ from those in low-income and middle-income countries. Health conditions also vary substantially with age. The literature examining physical health conditions affecting young care-experienced children in high-income countries has not been previously reviewed. This review addresses this gap to better understand the health needs of these children.
3394. Use of the 2021 UK Medical Research Council guidance to refine the Women's Wellness with Type 2 Diabetes Programme: a mixed-methods study.
The Women's Wellness with Type 2 Diabetes Programme (WWDP) is an online behavioural intervention for midlife women living with type 2 diabetes. The gender-specific intervention fosters self-efficacy, encouraging positive wellbeing behaviours to enhance diabetes and menopause outcomes. In 2016, We co-led a feasibility trial and process evaluation with 70 women aged 45-50 years from the UK and Australia. The intervention comprised an e-book, a website, and nurse consultations. The WWDP seemed to improved diabetes distress, self-efficacy, and menopausal symptoms, but with impactful, costly, diabetes nurse input, compromising feasibility and delivery by the NHS. We report WWDP refinement using the 2021 Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for complex interventions to optimise future implementation.
3395. Determinants of lipid clinic referral and attendance in a multi-ethnic adult population in south London: a cross-sectional study.
作者: Aya Ayoub.;Ralph K Akyea.;Veline L'Esperance.;Salma Ayis.;Divya Parmar.;Stevo Durbaba.;Mark Fisher.;Riyaz Patel.;Seeromanie Harding.;Anthony S Wierzbicki.;Nadeem Qureshi.;Mariam Molokhia.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S26页
Primary dyslipidaemias, including familial hypercholesterolaemia, are underdiagnosed genetic disorders that substantially increase risk for premature coronary artery disease in adults. Early identification of primary dyslipidaemias via lipid clinic referral optimises patient management and enables cascade screening of relatives. Improving the identification of primary dyslipidaemias, and understanding disparities in ascertainment and management, is an NHS priority. We aimed to assess determinants of lipid clinic referral or attendance (LCR) in ethnically diverse adults.
3396. Consideration of factors associated with inequalities in interventions that support health-care professionals' interaction with patients to reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use: a systematic review.
作者: Abimbola Ayorinde.;Iman Ghosh.;Junaid Shaikh.;Victoria Adetunji.;Anna Brown.;Mary Jordan.;Ellie Gilham.;Daniel Todkill.;Diane Ashiru-Oredope.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S25页
Tackling the public health challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires promotion of appropriate antimicrobial use by health-care professionals. The objective of this review was to identify interventions that facilitate appropriate antimicrobial behaviours when health-care professionals interact with patients and any considerations for factors associated with health inequalities.
3397. Public health qualifications, motivation, and experience of pharmacy professionals: exploratory cross-sectional surveys of pharmacy and public health professionals.
作者: Diane Ashiru-Oredope.;Roeann Osman.;Christina Narh.;Uju Okereke.;Eleanor J Harvey.;Christopher Garland.;Cecilia Pyper.;Marion Bennie.;Andrew Evans.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S24页
Pharmacy professionals (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians; PPs) are recognised for delivering public health interventions (micro level). There is increased policy focus on population health management, but limited knowledge regarding the role of PPs within UK's public health meso and macro levels. This study aimed to explore UK PPs' public health qualifications, specialisations, and motivations and barriers to pursuing advanced public health practice.
3398. Untangling the association between COVID-19 health literacy, trust in the pandemic response, and mental distress, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: a repeated cross-sectional study.
作者: Julie Arnott.;Maria Isabela Troya.;Mary Joyce.;Ali Khashan.;Paul Corcoran.;Zubair Kabir.;Maire Connolly.;Ivan Perry.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S23页
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rates of mental distress is well described. However, the contribution of poor health literacy and low levels of trust in state institutions to mental distress is less well defined. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 health literacy and trust in the pandemic response (Trust) on mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland.
3399. Evaluation of the impact of letters to GP practices to promote asthma prescription uptake in school-age children during summer (TRAINS study): a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial.
作者: Rami A Alyami.;Rebecca Simpson.;Phillip Oliver.;Steven A Julious.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S22页
Asthma exacerbations peak in school-aged children after the return to school in September. Previous studies have shown a decline in collections of asthma prescriptions during August. The PLEASANT trial demonstrated that sending a reminder letter to parents increased prescription uptake; reduced unscheduled care, and was cost saving to the health service. We aimed to assess whether informing general practitioner (GP) practices about the PLEASANT trial and its results could lead to its implementation in routine practice.
3400. Association between friendship quality and subjective wellbeing in adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study.
Friendships play a vital role in the social lives of teenagers, and friendship quality can substantially impact the adolescents' overall health and wellbeing. This study aimed to investigate the association between friendship quality and subjective wellbeing in Northern Irish adolescents.
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