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3341. Estimation of HbA1c after weight loss using a beta-regression for an economic evaluation of a behavioural weight management programme from the GLoW trial: a methodological study.
作者: Katharine Pidd.;Penny Breeze.;Daniel Pollard.;Amy Ahern.;Julia Mueller.;Alan Brennan.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S75页
In economic evaluations, average intervention effects are usually applied to a population. However, this fails to reflect the change in the distribution of HbA1c due to heterogeneous responses to weight loss. We aimed to investigate whether allowing heterogeneous treatment effects using a beta regression better represented the distribution of HbA1c after a weight-loss intervention, and how this affected cost effectiveness.
3342. Nowcasting waiting lists for elective procedures and surgery in England: a modelling study.
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in extensive disruption to the delivery of elective health services. Official figures of NHS waiting lists in England do not account for patients on the hidden waiting list (ie, patients who have symptoms or disease requiring elective procedures who have not been placed on the waiting list due to pandemic-related disruption). The aim of this study was to model the elective procedure backlog in England, including the hidden waiting list.
3343. Factors associated with multimorbidity in England: an analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
作者: Yvonne Nartey.;Christos V Chalitsios.;Nusrat Khan.;Glenn Simpson.;Hajira Dambha-Miller.;Andrew Farmer.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S73页
Multimorbidity, defined as the presence of two or more long-term conditions, is a growing public health challenge, especially in terms of prevention and accumulation of long-term conditions among particular population cohorts. To date, efforts to understand multimorbidity has focused mainly on specific disease combinations, with little known about the sociodemographic factors associated with it. The study aimed to assess the factors associated with multimorbidity in England.
3344. A peer-led walking intervention for adolescent girls (the WISH study): a cluster-randomised controlled trial.
作者: Marie H Murphy.;S Maria O'Kane.;Angela Carlin.;Ian M Lahart.;Leanne C Doherty.;Russell Jago.;Gary McDermott.;Maria Faulkner.;Alison M Gallagher.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S72页
Adolescent girls in the UK and Ireland fail to meet physical activity (PA) guidelines. PA behaviours track from childhood into adulthood. The effects of walking interventions on adult health are known; however, the potential of walking to promote PA in adolescents is less known. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel, school-based walking intervention aimed at increasing PA levels of adolescent girls.
3345. Differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the long-term trajectories of life satisfaction by sex in the UK: a prospective cohort study.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected women's mental health, with most evidence focused on mental ill-health outcomes. Previous research suggests that differences in time-use might explain this disparity, as women generally spent more time doing psychologically taxing activities than men. We investigated (1) sex differences in the impact of the pandemic in the long-term trajectories of life satisfaction and (2) whether time-use differences partly explained that differential impact.
3346. Identification of tax options for high fat, sugar, salt foods for the HEALTHEI Project: a mixed-methods study.
作者: Helen J Moore.;Natalie Connor.;Andrea Burrows.;Penny Breeze.;Claire L O'Malley.;Amelia A Lake.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S70页
The health economic analysis incorporating effects on labour outcomes, households, environment, and inequalities (HEALTHEI) explores which food taxes would have greatest benefits to health, labour, and work outcomes; household expenditure; environmental sustainability; and inequalities within the UK food system. Work package 1 includes a rapid review and workshops, aiming to explore the effects of price increases in food and non-alcoholic beverages to facilitate the specification of food taxes and research design.
3347. Profiles of tobacco smokers and ex-smokers in a large-scale random sample survey across Wales: an unsupervised machine-learning cluster analysis.
作者: Annette Evans.;Rhian Hughes.;Louisa Nolan.;Kirsty Little.;Liz Newbury-Davies.;Alisha R Davies.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S7页
The Welsh government recently set a target to be smoke-free by 2030, which means reducing the prevalence of tobacco smoking in adults to 5% by then. The goal is to improve health and population life expectancy. To support this strategy, we identified profile groups with different sets of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics within the population of smokers. We compared these profiles to those identified in the ex-smoker population to provide a broader understanding of smokers and inform targeting of interventions and policy.
3348. How does the environment in and around the home affect social care and health outcomes for older people? A national longitudinal dynamic cohort study.
作者: William Midgley.;Amy Mizen.;Rowena Bailey.;Joe Hollinghurst.;Robyn Hollinghurst.;Ronan A Lyons.;Rebecca Pedrick-Case.;Rich Fry.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S69页
Reducing the burden of falls and fall-related admissions to hospital and care homes is an important policy area because falls cause significant injury leading to a reduced quality of life. We investigated the effect of the environment around people's homes on the risk of falls for older people in Wales.
3349. Exploring the experiences of junior doctors who were shielding during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study of semi-structured interviews.
The term "Shielding" was introduced in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect approximately 4 million people at highest risk from infection. Shielding was characterised by extreme isolation and applied to those with certain illnesses, disabilities, and during pregnancy. For the estimated 1300 high-risk doctors, shielding meant abrupt departure from the clinical environment. We aimed to understand the impact of shielding on junior doctors (JDs) by interviewing them and their consultants.
3350. Improving the quality of written communication at patient discharge: triangulation of qualitative analyses and intervention co-design.
作者: Ola Markiewicz.;Fabiana Lorencatto.;Danielle D'Lima.;Natalie Sanford.;Mary Lavelle.;Amish Acharya.;Janet Anderson.;Ara Darzi.;Gaby Judah.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S67页
Poor handovers between hospital and primary care threaten safe discharges, with elderly and frail patients most at risk of harm. Using Behavioural Science we explored influences and identified relevant behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to improve written handovers and safety during discharge.
3351. The health burden of air pollution in the UK: a modelling study using updated exposure-risk associations.
作者: Eloise A Marais.;Karn Vohra.;Jamie M Kelly.;Yifan Li.;Gongda Lu.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S66页
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, in particular fine particles or PM2·5, is a leading global disease burden. PM2·5 in the UK, dominated by agricultural emissions of ammonia (NH3), has been estimated to be responsible for 29 000-34 000 adult early deaths a year. These estimates use models that relate exposure to health risk that predate cohort studies that have identified a supralinear relationship between exposure and risk at relatively low PM2·5 concentrations typical of the UK (5-12 mg m-3). Here we used this new knowledge to estimate adult premature mortality in the UK in 2019.
3352. Effectiveness of interactive workshops to raise awareness of the neurological harms associated with nitrous oxide use: a cross-sectional study.
The Royal London Hospital, East London, receives a case of nitrous oxide (N2O) myeloneuropathy roughly every 9 days. No formal education programme is widely available to warn young people of the risks of recreational N2O use. Our aim was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of workshops focusing on the neurological risks of N2O, with the primary outcome to increase awareness of these risks among young people.
3353. Trajectories of depressive symptoms 10 years after stroke and associated risk factors: a prospective cohort study.
作者: Lu Liu.;Xianqi Li.;Iain J Marshall.;Ajay Bhalla.;Yanzhong Wang.;Matthew D L O'Connell.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S64页
Previous studies have investigated the risk factors for post-stroke depression at only one timepoint, neglecting its dynamic nature. We aimed to identify trajectories of post-stroke depression from multiple assessments and explore their risk factors.
3354. Recording and analysing ethnicity in public health research: a bibliographical review and focus group discussions with young migrants and refugees in the UK.
The ethnicity data gap hinders public health research from addressing ethnic health inequity in the UK, especially for under-served young, migrant populations. We aimed to review how ethnicity was captured, reported, analysed, and theorised within policy-relevant research.
3355. Effect of trade unions on the mental health of UK workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal analysis using Understanding Society data.
作者: Theocharis Kromydas.;Evangelia Demou.;Alastair H Leyland.;Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi.;Jacques Wels.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S62页
Although trade union membership rates have continuously decreased over the past 30 years, about 50% of UK employees are still represented by a union. Yet, studies on the association between collective bargaining and workers' mental health are sparse, especially in the pandemic context. This study examines differences on UK workers' mental health due to trade union presence and membership between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.
3356. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delayed care of cardiovascular diseases in Europe: a systematic review.
作者: Yasmine Khan.;Nick Verhaeghe.;Brecht Devleesschauwer.;Lisa Cavillot.;Sylvie Gadeyne.;Nele S Pauwels.;Laura Van den Borre.;Delphine De Smedt.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S61页
Cardiovascular diseases remain the foremost global cause of death. The COVID-19 pandemic has strained health-care systems, leading to delays in essential medical services, including treatment for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on delayed cardiovascular care in Europe.
3357. Changes in food and drink purchasing behaviour in England during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis.
作者: Alexandra Kalbus.;Laura Cornelsen.;Andrea Ballatore.;Steven Cummins.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S60页
Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic affected many health behaviours, including diet. We aimed to examine changes in food and drink purchasing during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in England.
3358. Better informing everyday fall risk assessment: experimental studies with contemporary technologies.
作者: Jason Moore.;Sam Stuart.;Peter McMeekin.;Richard Walker.;Alan Godfrey.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S6页
Age-related mobility issues and frailty are a major public health concern because of an increased risk of falls. Subjective assessment of fall risk in the clinic is limited, failing to account for an individual's habitual activities in the home or community. Equally, objective mobility trackers for use in the home and community lack extrinsic (ie, environmental) data capture to comprehensively inform fall risk. We propose a contemporary approach that combines artificial intelligence (AI) and video glasses to augment current methods of fall risk assessment.
3359. A 3-year review of deaths in people under community justice supervision in Wales: a cross-sectional analysis.
作者: Gethin Jones.;Benjamin J Gray.;Emma Cain.;Stephanie E Perrett.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S59页
Despite little fluctuation in the numbers of people under community justice supervision in England and Wales, the number of deaths in this population has more than doubled between 2013-14 and 2020-21, from 560 to 1343 deaths. Contributing factors and causes of mortality are somewhat unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the number and the leading causes of people dying while under community justice supervision in Wales, UK, between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2021.
3360. Interventions to improve oral health and related health behaviours of substance use, smoking, and diet in people with severe and multiple disadvantage: a systematic review of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
作者: Deepti A John.;Laura J McGowan.;Ryan P W Kenny.;Emma C Joyes.;Emma A Adams.;Hosein Shabaninejad.;Catherine Richmond.;Fiona Beyer.;David Landes.;Richard G Watt.;Falko F Sniehotta.;Martha Paisi.;Clare Bambra.;Dawn Craig.;Eileen Kaner.;Sheena E Ramsay.
来源: Lancet. 2023年402 Suppl 1卷S58页
Homelessness overlapping with substance use and offending is described as severe and multiple disadvantage (SMD). People experiencing SMD have poor oral health along with high levels of related behaviours such as substance use, smoking, and poor diet. Existing evidence largely describes the prevalence of oral health problems, substance use, and smoking in SMD groups. Little is known about interventions that can address these conditions in SMD groups. We aimed to review the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions on oral health and related health behaviours in adults experiencing SMD.
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