The Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), the standard measure of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), has limitations in reflecting disease severity.

Prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with morbidity and mortality in children. Timely extubation is essential and must balance the competing risks of extubation failure (EF) and prolonged use of post-extubation non-invasive respiratory support.

Pharmaceutical randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are critical for advancing treatments in interstitial lung disease (ILD). We evaluated global distribution of pharmaceutical RCTs of ILD and their associations with country-specific features.

Older adults with socioeconomic disadvantage suffer greater decline in function and cognition following critical illness, an adverse outcome potentially preventable through mobilization. Whether safety-net hospitals (SNHs) that serve the highest proportions of patients with socioeconomic disadvantage are less likely to deliver rehabilitation during hospitalization with stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) is unknown.

ACE inhibitors (ACEi) are widely used antihypertensive agents with proven cardioprotective effects. Previous mechanistic and clinical studies have suggested ACEi therapy may slow disease progression and reduce mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

A 67-year-old woman presents for a second opinion for insomnia. She reports falling asleep with ease but difficulty maintaining sleep, with several nighttime awakenings. She has previously undergone cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia without any improvement in her symptoms. She denies snoring and witnessed apneas but reports occasional daytime sleepiness, with an Epworth Sleepiness Score of 11 out of 24, indicating significant sleepiness. The remainder of her sleep history is unremarkable. Additionally, she has a medical history of anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, which is managed with aripiprazole, bupropion, clonazepam (as needed), and gabapentin. Her surgical history is pertinent for a tonsillectomy at age 5.

A 47-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with sudden-onset dull nonradiating chest pain and palpitations. She denied other symptoms such as shortness of breath, dizziness, or diaphoresis. Her medical history was significant for generalized anxiety disorder, obesity, and former tobacco use (less than 1 pack per day for 5 years, quit more than 20 years ago). Her only medications included daily multivitamins and ibuprofen as needed for knee pain.

A 63-year-old man who had never smoked was seen in the outpatient clinic with complaints of exercise-induced dyspnea and a tightness in the upper chest when reaching maximal exercise. He had a medical history of a multinodular goiter, with tracheal compression resulting in a successful total thyroidectomy in November 2023. No spirometry was performed after thyroid surgery. There was no wheezing nor stridor present. The patient did not have any cough, sputum production, or fever. Mild gastroesophageal reflux complaints were also present. There was a mild irritation in the throat when swallowing. He performed regular physical activity, cycling 3 times per week. There was no relevant familial history. Before the current evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with asthma based on an elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide and exercise-induced dyspnea, but without other typical symptoms of asthma. A treatment with inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta-agonists did not improve exercise-induced symptoms. Subsequently, the patient also underwent cardiologic evaluation (symptoms possibly resembling angina): a coronarography was performed, showing a mild stenosis of the left anterior descending artery with a fractional flow reserve of 0.75. Coronary artery disease was suspected, and a drug-eluding stent was placed, again without resolving the exercise-induced symptoms.