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1. Impact of Noninvasive Ventilation Before and After Cardiac Surgery for Preventing Cardiac and Pulmonary Complications: A Clinical Randomized Trial.
作者: Marion Goret.;Kevin Pluchon.;Raphaël Le Mao.;Ali Badra.;Jean-Ferréol Oilleau.;Yohann Morvan.;Marc Beaumont.;Gwenaëlle Desanglois.;Marie Guegan.;Aude Barnier.;Christophe Gut-Gobert.;Cécile Tromeur.;Christophe Leroyer.;Jean-Noël Choplain.;Ahmed Khalifa.;Eric Bezon.;Francis Couturaud.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷6期1727-1736页
The immediate postoperative period after heart surgery poses a substantial risk of life-threatening complications, notably acute pulmonary and cardiac failure. Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may reduce the incidence of pulmonary or heart failure, or both.
2. Impact of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Survival in People With Interstitial Lung Disease.
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a beneficial intervention for people with interstitial lung disease (ILD); however, the effect of PR on survival is unclear. This study compared the survival outcomes in people with ILD who were allocated to PR vs those who were allocated to control in 2 published randomized controlled trials.
3. Video vs Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation After Cardiac Arrest: A Secondary Analysis of the Direct vs Video Laryngoscope Trial.
作者: Amelia L Muhs.;Kevin P Seitz.;Edward T Qian.;Brant Imhoff.;Li Wang.;Matthew E Prekker.;Brian E Driver.;Stacy A Trent.;Daniel Resnick-Ault.;Steven G Schauer.;Adit A Ginde.;Derek W Russell.;Sheetal Gandotra.;David B Page.;John P Gaillard.;Lane M Smith.;Andrew J Latimer.;Steven H Mitchell.;Nicholas J Johnson.;Shekhar A Ghamande.;Heath D White.;Kevin W Gibbs.;Jessica A Palakshappa.;Derek J Vonderhaar.;David R Janz.;Micah R Whitson.;Christopher R Barnes.;Alon Dagan.;Ari Moskowitz.;Vijay Krishnamoorthy.;James T Herbert.;Michael D April.;Aaron M Joffe.;Jeremy P Walco.;Christopher G Hughes.;Kipp Shipley.;Amelia W Maiga.;Bradley D Lloyd.;Stephanie C DeMasi.;Wesley H Self.;Todd W Rice.;Matthew W Semler.;Jonathan D Casey.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷5期1408-1415页
Airway management is a critical component of the care of patients experiencing cardiac arrest, but data from randomized trials on the use of video vs direct laryngoscopy for intubation in the setting of cardiac arrest are limited. Current American Heart Association guidelines recommend placement of an endotracheal tube either during CPR or shortly after return of spontaneous circulation, but do not provide guidance around intubation methods, including the choice of laryngoscope.
4. Low-Dose Melatonin for Prevention of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Feasibility Trial.
作者: Lisa D Burry.;David R Williamson.;Michael E Detsky.;Francis Bernard.;Jennifer Foster.;Sangeeta Mehta.;Ruxandra Pinto.;Damon C Scales.;Louise Rose.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷5期1397-1407页
Delirium is a common and serious syndrome of acute brain dysfunction associated with negative outcomes. Melatonin may have a role in delirium prevention for critically ill adults based on data from noncritically ill patient populations. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial testing the hypothesis that low-dose melatonin prevents delirium in adults who are critically ill.
5. Effect of Flow Rates of High-Flow Nasal Cannula on Extubation Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Sheng-Yuan Ruan.;Yao-Wen Kuo.;Chun-Ta Huang.;Ying-Chun Chien.;Chun-Kai Huang.;Lu-Cheng Kuo.;Jerry Shu-Hung Kuo.;Kuei-Pin Chung.;Shih-Chi Ku.;Jung-Yien Chien.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷5期1388-1396页
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has emerged as a promising intervention for postextubation oxygen therapy, with the potential to reduce the need for reintubation. However, it remains unclear whether using a higher flow setting provides better outcomes than the commonly used flow rate of 30 to 50 L/min.
6. The Effects of Low-Dose Morphine on Sleep and Breathlessness in COPD: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Thomas J Altree.;Alison J Pinczel.;Barbara Toson.;Kelly A Loffler.;Anna L Hudson.;Jim Zeng.;Simon Proctor.;Ganesh Naik.;Sutapa Mukherjee.;Peter Catcheside.;Andrew Somogyi.;David C Currow.;Danny J Eckert.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷6期1578-1590页
Low-dose morphine may be prescribed to reduce chronic breathlessness in COPD. Subjective findings suggest morphine may influence breathlessness through sleep-related mechanisms. However, concerns exist regarding opioid safety in COPD. The effects of morphine during sleep in COPD have not been objectively investigated. This study aimed to objectively determine the effects of low-dose morphine on sleep in COPD.
7. Virtual Reality Anatomy Trainer Turns Teaching Endobronchial Ultrasound Inside-Out.
作者: Melissa L New.;Tristan J Huie.;Dru Claar.;Timothy Amass.;Ryan A Peterson.;Max McGrath.;Nicholas Jacobson.;Anna Neumeier.;Darlene Nelson.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷5期1440-1450页
Traditional approaches for learning anatomy for curvilinear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) require learners to mentally visualize structures relative to the position of the bronchoscope. Virtual reality (VR) can show anatomy from the perspective of bronchoscopic tools.
8. Treatment With Oral or Inhaled Treprostinil in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Comorbidities.
作者: R James White.;Karim El-Kersh.;Stephan Rosenkranz.;Veronica Franco.;Carmine Dario Vizza.;Roberto Badagliacca.;Joanna Pepke-Zaba.;Jean Elwing.;Rahul G Argula.;Shelley Shapiro.;Hyoshin Kim.;Scott Seaman.;Eric Shen.;Manisit Das.;Meredith Broderick.;Vallerie McLaughlin.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷6期1746-1758页
An increasing number of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have cardiovascular comorbidities. However, the effects of comorbidities on responses to PAH treatment are not well understood.
9. Treatment of Acute Circulatory Failure Based on Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen (CO2-O2) Derived Indices: The Lactel Randomized Multicenter Study.
作者: Pierre-Grégoire Guinot.;Corentin Evezard.;Maxime Nguyen.;Sebastien Pili-Floury.;Vivien Berthoud.;Guillaume Besch.;Belaid Bouhemad.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷4期1068-1078页
Acute circulatory failure is critical in patients in the ICU. Indices derived from oxygen and CO2 metabolism (CO2-O2-derived indices) including the central venous-to-arterial CO2 difference and central venous-to-arterial CO2 difference/arteriovenous oxygen content ratio are markers for global metabolic demand and tissue hypoxia.
10. Results of the Solriamfetol's Effect on Cognitive Health in Apnea Participants During a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study (SHARP): A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Repeated-Measures Crossover Phase IV Clinical Trial of the Effect of the Wake-Promoting Agent Solriamfetol on Cognitive Function in OSA With Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Cognitive Impairment.
作者: Hans P A Van Dongen.;Eileen B Leary.;Christopher Drake.;Richard Bogan.;Judith Jaeger.;Russell Rosenberg.;Caroline Streicher.;Herriot Tabuteau.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷3期863-875页
OSA causes episodes of fragmented sleep and intermittent hypoxia and leads to excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Deficits in cognitive function are a troublesome symptom in patients with OSA and EDS.
11. Comparison of Clinically Meaningful Improvements After Center-Based and Home-Based Telerehabilitation in People With COPD.
作者: Narelle S Cox.;Christine McDonald.;Angela T Burge.;Catherine J Hill.;Janet Bondarenko.;Anne E Holland.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷4期1003-1011页
Response to pulmonary rehabilitation is not equal for all participants and may vary across health outcomes for any one individual. Alternative methods of pulmonary rehabilitation delivery, for example, telerehabilitation, may improve program access, but also could affect response to rehabilitation.
12. Impact of Exclusive Mouth Route and Lateral Position on the Efficacy of Oronasal CPAP to Treat OSA in Patients With OSA Adapted to Oronasal Mask.
作者: Jeane Lima de Andrade Xavier.;Mariana Delgado Fernandes.;Rafaela Garcia Santos de Andrade.;Pedro R Genta.;Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期611-618页
Oronasal masks are used widely for treating OSA with CPAP. However, oronasal CPAP is associated with lower effectiveness and lower adherence than nasal CPAP.
13. A 1-Year Weight Management Program for Difficult-to-Treat Asthma With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Study.
作者: Varun Sharma.;Helen Clare Ricketts.;Louise McCombie.;Naomi Brosnahan.;Luisa Crawford.;Lesley Slaughter.;Anna Goodfellow.;Femke Steffensen.;Rekha Chaudhuri.;Michael E J Lean.;Douglas C Cowan.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷1期42-53页
Obesity-associated asthma results in increased morbidity and mortality. We report 1-year asthma outcomes with a weight management regimen, the Counterweight-Plus Programme (CWP), compared with usual care (UC) in a single-center, randomized controlled trial in patients with difficult-to-treat asthma and obesity.
14. Lower or Higher Oxygenation Targets in Patients With COVID-19 in the ICU: A Secondary Bayesian Analysis of the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 Trial.
作者: Frederik Mølgaard Nielsen.;Thomas Lass Klitgaard.;Anders Granholm.;Theis Lange.;Anders Perner.;Olav Lilleholt Schjørring.;Bodil Steen Rasmussen.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷3期757-767页
In the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 (HOT-COVID) trial, a Pao2 target of 60 mm Hg compared with 90 mm Hg resulted in more days alive without life support at 90 days in adults in the ICU with COVID-19 and hypoxemia. The trial was stopped after enrolling 726 of 780 planned patients because of slow recruitment. Herein, we present the preplanned Bayesian analysis of the HOT-COVID trial.
15. Physiologic Comparison of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation and Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in ARDS: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Xiaojing Zou.;Hongling Zhang.;Yongran Wu.;Ruiting Li.;Xuehui Gao.;Azhen Wang.;Xin Zhao.;Xiaobo Yang.;Huaqing Shu.;Hong Qi.;Zhaohui Fu.;Shiying Yuan.;Yilei Ma.;Le Yang.;You Shang.;Zhanqi Zhao.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期453-465页
The physiologic effects of different ventilation strategies on patients with ARDS need to be better understood.
16. Performance of Risk Assessment Models for VTE in Patients Who Are Critically Ill Receiving Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Pneumatic Compression for Preventing VTE Trial.
作者: Hasan M Al-Dorzi.;Hatim Arishi.;Fahad M Al-Hameed.;Karen E A Burns.;Sangeeta Mehta.;Jesna Jose.;Sami J Alsolamy.;Sheryl Ann I Abdukahil.;Lara Y Afesh.;Mohammed S Alshahrani.;Yasser Mandourah.;Ghaleb A Almekhlafi.;Mohammed Almaani.;Ali Al Bshabshe.;Simon Finfer.;Zia Arshad.;Imran Khalid.;Yatin Mehta.;Atul Gaur.;Hassan Hawa.;Hergen Buscher.;Hani Lababidi.;Abdulsalam Al Aithan.;Abdulaziz Al-Dawood.;Yaseen M Arabi.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期598-610页
The diagnostic performance of the available risk assessment models for VTE in patients who are critically ill receiving pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is unclear.
17. Effect of Dual Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 Inhibitor Ensifentrine on Exacerbation Rate and Risk in Patients With Moderate to Severe COPD.
作者: Frank C Sciurba.;Stephanie A Christenson.;Tara Rheault.;Thomas Bengtsson.;Kathleen Rickard.;Igor Z Barjaktarevic.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期425-435页
Exacerbations in COPD can be life-threatening and can lead to irreversible declines in lung function and quality of life. Medications that reduce exacerbation burden are an unmet need, because exacerbations put patients at risk of more exacerbations and decrease quality of life. Ensifentrine is a first-in-class selective dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 with demonstrated nonsteroidal antiinflammatory activity and bronchodilatory effects.
18. The Responsiveness of Exercise Tests in COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Theresa C Harvey-Dunstan.;Molly M Baldwin.;Ruth Tal-Singer.;Matthew Allinder.;Michael I Polkey.;Alan Hamilton.;Matthew Richardson.;Sarah A Edwards.;Michael C Steiner.;Mike D Morgan.;Sally J Singh.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷1期98-111页
COPD is characterized by reduced exercise tolerance, and improving physical performance is an important therapeutic goal. A variety of exercise tests are commonly used to assess exercise tolerance, including laboratory and field-based tests. The responsiveness of these various tests to common COPD interventions is yet to be compared, but the results may inform test selection in clinical and research settings.
19. Nocturnal Cardiac Arrhythmias in Heart Failure With Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea.
作者: Christian M Horvath.;Christoph Fisser.;John S Floras.;Samuel Sossalla.;Stella Wang.;George Tomlinson.;Fiona Rankin.;Shoichiro Yatsu.;Clodagh M Ryan.;T Douglas Bradley.;Michael Arzt.; .
来源: Chest. 2024年166卷6期1546-1556页
Both obstructive and central sleep apnea (CSA) may contribute to nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias (NCAs). Data are scarce regarding the prevalence of clinically important nocturnal atrial and ventricular arrythmias in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and OSA or CSA.
20. Decídetexto: Mobile Cessation Support for Latino Adults Who Smoke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Francisco Cartujano-Barrera.;Lisa Sanderson Cox.;Delwyn Catley.;Xueya Cai.;Francisco J Diaz.;Evelyn Arana-Chicas.;Arlette Chávez-Iñiguez.;Chinwe Ogedegbe.;Kristi D Graves.;M Patricia Rivera.;Arturo Ponce.;Edward F Ellerbeck.;Ana Paula Cupertino.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期619-629页
Latino adults experience multiple barriers to health care access and treatment that result in tobacco-related disparities. Mobile interventions have the potential to deliver smoking cessation treatment among Latino adults, who show the highest use rates of mobile technologies.
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