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6862. Tools for assessing outcomes in studies of chronic cough: CHEST guideline and expert panel report.
作者: Louis-Philippe Boulet.;Remy R Coeytaux.;Douglas C McCrory.;Cynthia T French.;Anne B Chang.;Surinder S Birring.;Jaclyn Smith.;Rebecca L Diekemper.;Bruce Rubin.;Richard S Irwin.; .
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷3期804-814页
Since the publication of the 2006 American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) cough guidelines, a variety of tools has been developed or further refined for assessing cough. The purpose of the present committee was to evaluate instruments used by investigators performing clinical research on chronic cough. The specific aims were to (1) assess the performance of tools designed to measure cough frequency, severity, and impact in adults, adolescents, and children with chronic cough and (2) make recommendations or suggestions related to these findings.
6864. Chemoreceptor Responsiveness at Sea Level Does Not Predict the Pulmonary Pressure Response to High Altitude.
作者: Ryan L Hoiland.;Glen E Foster.;Joseph Donnelly.;Mike Stembridge.;Chris K Willie.;Kurt J Smith.;Nia C Lewis.;Samuel J E Lucas.;Jim D Cotter.;David J Yeoman.;Kate N Thomas.;Trevor A Day.;Mike M Tymko.;Keith R Burgess.;Philip N Ainslie.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷1期219-225页
The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) at sea level (SL) is moderately predictive of the change in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) to acute normobaric hypoxia. However, because of progressive changes in the chemoreflex control of breathing and acid-base balance at high altitude (HA), HVR at SL may not predict PASP at HA. We hypothesized that resting oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (Spo₂) at HA would correlate better than HVR at SL with PASP at HA.
6865. Children with chronic cough: when is watchful waiting appropriate? development of likelihood ratios for assessing children with chronic cough.
作者: Anne B Chang.;Peter P Van Asperen.;Nicholas Glasgow.;Colin F Robertson.;Craig M Mellis.;I Brent Masters.;Louis I Landau.;Laurel Teoh.;Irene Tjhung.;Helen L Petsky.;Peter S Morris.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷3期745-753页
Chronic cough is associated with poor quality of life and may signify a serious underlying disease. Differentiating nonspecific cough (when watchful waiting can be safely undertaken) from specific cough (treatment and further investigations are beneficial) would be clinically useful. In 326 children, we aimed to (1) determine how well cough pointers (used in guidelines) differentiate specific from nonspecific cough and (2) describe the clinical profile of children whose cough resolved without medications (spontaneous resolution).
6866. Time Trends of Aspirin and Warfarin Use on Stroke and Bleeding Events in Chinese Patients With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation.
Much of the clinical epidemiology and treatment patterns for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are derived from Western populations. Limited data are available on antithrombotic therapy use over time and its impact on the stroke or bleeding events in newly diagnosed Chinese patients with AF. The present study investigates time trends in warfarin and aspirin use in China in relation to stroke and bleeding events in a Chinese population.
6867. Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide correlates best with tissue volume from quantitative CT scanning analysis.
作者: Igor Barjaktarevic.;Steven Springmeyer.;Xavier Gonzalez.;William Sirokman.;Harvey O Coxson.;Christopher B Cooper.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷6期1485-1493页
Quantitative analysis of high-resolution chest CT scan (QCT) is an established method for determining the severity and distribution of lung parenchymal destruction inpatients with emphysema. Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(LCO)) is a traditional physiologic measure of emphysema severity and is probably influenced more by destruction of the alveolar capillary bed than by membrane diffusion per se. We reasoned that D(LCO) should correlate with tissue volume from QCT.
6868. Endotracheal tubes for critically ill patients: an in vivo analysis of associated tracheal injury, mucociliary clearance, and sealing efficacy.
作者: Gianluigi Li Bassi.;Nestor Luque.;Joan Daniel Martí.;Eli Aguilera Xiol.;Marta Di Pasquale.;Valeria Giunta.;Talitha Comaru.;Montserrat Rigol.;Silvia Terraneo.;Francesca De Rosa.;Mariano Rinaudo.;Ernesto Crisafulli.;Rogelio Cesar Peralta Lepe.;Carles Agusti.;Carmen Lucena.;Miguel Ferrer.;Laia Fernández.;Antoni Torres.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷5期1327-1335页
Improvements in the design of the endotracheal tube (ETT) have been achieved in recent years. We evaluated tracheal injury associated with ETTs with novel high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) cuffs and subglottic secretions aspiration (SSA) and the effects on mucociliary clearance (MCC).
6869. Predictors of clinical use of pleurodesis and/or indwelling pleural catheter therapy for malignant pleural effusion.
作者: Edward T H Fysh.;Silvia Bielsa.;Charley A Budgeon.;Catherine A Read.;Jose M Porcel.;Nick A Maskell.;Y C Gary Lee.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷6期1629-1634页
The clinical course of patients with malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) varies. The decision to undertake "definitive therapy" (pleurodesis, indwelling pleural catheter [IPC], or both) for MPEs is decided on a case-by-case basis. Identifying factors that predict definitive therapy may help guide early initiation of treatment. The aim of the study was to identify clinical, laboratory, and radiologic predictors associated with clinicians' prescription of definitive therapy for patients with MPE.
6870. A pilot study of the noninvasive assessment of the lung microbiota as a potential tool for the early diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
作者: Addison K May.;Jacob S Brady.;Joann Romano-Keeler.;Wonder P Drake.;Patrick R Norris.;Judith M Jenkins.;Richard J Isaacs.;Erik M Boczko.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷6期1494-1502页
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a common complication in critically ill surgical patients, and its diagnosis remains problematic. Exhaled breath contains aerosolized droplets that reflect the lung microbiota. We hypothesized that exhaled breath condensate fluid (EBCF) in hygroscopic condenser humidifier/heat and moisture exchanger (HCH/HME) filters would contain bacterial DNA that qualitatively and quantitatively correlate with pathogens isolated from quantitative BAL samples obtained for clinical suspicion of pneumonia.
6871. Comparison of hospital mortality and long-term survival in patients with acute lung injury/ARDS vs cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
作者: Christopher N Schmickl.;Michelle Biehl.;Gregory A Wilson.;Ognjen Gajic.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷3期618-625页
Early differential diagnosis of acute lung injury (ALI) vs cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) is important for selecting the most appropriate therapy, but the prognostic implications of this distinction have not been studied. Accurate prognostic information is essential for providing appropriate informed consent prior to initiation of mechanical ventilation.
6872. Supplementing defect in club cell secretory protein attenuates airway inflammation in COPD.
作者: Anne Sophie Gamez.;Delphine Gras.;Aurélie Petit.;Lucie Knabe.;Nicolas Molinari.;Isabelle Vachier.;Pascal Chanez.;Arnaud Bourdin.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷6期1467-1476页
Club cell secretory protein (CCSP) is a protective biomarker associated with annual decline in lung function. COPD progression results from an imbalance between injury and repair initially triggered by cigarette smoking.
6873. Characteristics of pulmonary arterial hypertension in affected carriers of a mutation located in the cytoplasmic tail of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2.
作者: Barbara Girerd.;Florence Coulet.;Xavier Jaïs.;Mélanie Eyries.;Cathelijne Van Der Bruggen.;Frances De Man.;Arjan Houweling.;Peter Dorfmüller.;Laurent Savale.;Olivier Sitbon.;Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf.;Florent Soubrier.;Gérald Simonneau.;Marc Humbert.;David Montani.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷5期1385-1394页
Mutations in BMPR2 encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPRII) is the main genetic risk factor for heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The suspected mechanism is considered to be a defect of BMP signaling. The BMPRII receptor exists in a short isoform without a cytoplasmic tail, which has preserved BMP signaling.
6874. Secretory phospholipases A2 are secreted from ciliated cells and increase mucin and eicosanoid secretion from goblet cells.
作者: Tsuyoshi Tanabe.;Tadasuke Shimokawaji.;Soichiro Kanoh.;Bruce K Rubin.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷6期1599-1609页
Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) initiate the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, are increased in the airways of people with severe asthma, and induce mucin hypersecretion. We used IL-13-transformed, highly enriched goblet cells and differentiated (ciliary cell-enriched) human bronchial epithelial cell culture to evaluate the relative contribution of ciliated and goblet cells to airway sPLA2 generation and response. We wished to determine the primary source(s) of sPLA2 and leukotrienes in human airway epithelial cells.
6875. Pneumonia Pathogen Characterization Is an Independent Determinant of Hospital Readmission.
作者: Adam Andruska.;Scott T Micek.;Yuichiro Shindo.;Nicholas Hampton.;Brian Colona.;Sandra McCormick.;Marin H Kollef.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷1期103-111页
Hospital readmissions for pneumonia occur often and are difficult to predict. For fiscal year 2013, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services readmission penalties have been applied to acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia. However, the overall impact of pneumonia pathogen characterization on hospital readmission is undefined.
6876. Incidence of myocardial infarction and vascular death in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation taking anticoagulants: relation to atherosclerotic risk factors.
作者: Daniele Pastori.;Pasquale Pignatelli.;Francesco Angelico.;Alessio Farcomeni.;Maria Del Ben.;Tommasa Vicario.;Tommaso Bucci.;Valeria Raparelli.;Roberto Cangemi.;Gaetano Tanzilli.;Gregory Y H Lip.;Francesco Violi.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷6期1644-1650页
Recent findings suggest that patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), in addition being at thromboembolic risk, are at risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Our aim was to investigate predictors of MI and cardiovascular death in a cohort of patients with AF who were taking anticoagulants.
6877. T-helper 17 cell polarization in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
作者: Aurélie Hautefort.;Barbara Girerd.;David Montani.;Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky.;Laura Price.;Bart N Lambrecht.;Marc Humbert.;Frédéric Perros.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷6期1610-1620页
Inflammation may contribute to the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Deciphering the PAH fingerprint on the inflammation orchestrated by dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, key driver and effector cells, respectively, of the immune system, may allow the identification of immunopathologic approaches to PAH management.
6878. Sleep apnea and asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a complex interaction.
作者: Jens Ehrhardt.;Matthias Schwab.;Sigrid Finn.;Albrecht Guenther.;Torsten Schultze.;Otto W Witte.;Sven Rupprecht.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷4期1029-1036页
Carotid arteriosclerosis and sleep apnea are considered as independent risk factors for stroke. Whether sleep apnea mediates severity of carotid stenosis remains unclear. Sleep apnea comprises two pathophysiologic conditions: OSA and central sleep apnea (CSA). Although OSA results from upper airway occlusion, CSA reflects enhanced ventilatory drive mainly due to carotid chemoreceptor dysfunction.
6879. Survival in Patients With Malignant Pleural Effusions Who Developed Pleural Infection: A Retrospective Case Review From Six UK Centers.
作者: Anna C Bibby.;Amelia O Clive.;Gerry C Slade.;Anna J Morley.;Janet Fallon.;Ioannis Psallidas.;Justin C T Pepperell.;Mark G Slade.;Andrew E Stanton.;Najib M Rahman.;Nick A Maskell.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷1期235-241页
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) incidence is increasing, and prognosis remains poor. Indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) relieve symptoms but increase the risk of pleural infection. We reviewed cases of pleural infection in patients with IPCs for MPE from six UK centers between January 1, 2005, and January 31, 2014.
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