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6721. Sarcoidosis and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
作者: Martina Bonifazi.;Francesca Bravi.;Stefano Gasparini.;Carlo La Vecchia.;Armando Gabrielli.;Athol U Wells.;Elisabetta A Renzoni.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷3期778-791页
An increased cancer risk in patients with sarcoidosis has been suggested, although results are conflicting in a number of case-control and cohort studies. We conducted a systematic review of all available data and performed a meta-analysis to better define and quantify the association between sarcoidosis and cancer.
6722. Quality of well-being outcomes in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial.
Surgical and medical treatments for emphysema may affect both quality and quantity of life. The purpose of this article is to report outcomes from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) using an index that combines quality and quantity of life.
6723. Effect of acute arteriolar vasodilation on capacitance and resistance in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Pulmonary vascular capacitance (PVC) is reduced in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In normal lung, PVC is largely a function of vascular compliance. In PAH, increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) arises from the arterioles. PVR and PVC share pressure and volume variables. The dependency between the two qualities of the vascular bed is unclear in a state of intense vasoconstriction.
6724. Isoniazid-associated hepatitis in adults infected with HIV receiving 36 months of isoniazid prophylaxis in Botswana.
作者: Zegabriel Tedla.;Minh-Ly Nguyen.;Thabisa Sibanda.;Samba Nyirenda.;Tefera B Agizew.;Sonali Girde.;Charles E Rose.;Taraz Samandari.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷5期1376-1384页
The World Health Organization recommends 36 months of isoniazid preventive therapy (36IPT) for adults infected with HIV living in TB-endemic countries. We determined the rates and risk factors for isoniazid-associated hepatitis with the use of 36IPT.
6725. What is the role of tiotropium in asthma?: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
The role of tiotropium for the treatment of asthma has not yet been clearly defined. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of tiotropium in patients with asthma.
6726. The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on bronchial hyperresponsiveness, sputum eosinophilia, and mast cell mediators in asthma.
作者: John D Brannan.;Johan Bood.;Ahmad Alkhabaz.;David Balgoma.;Joceline Otis.;Ingrid Delin.;Barbro Dahlén.;Craig E Wheelock.;Parameswaran Nair.;Sven-Erik Dahlén.;Paul M O'Byrne.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷2期397-405页
Omega-3 fatty acid supplements have been reported to inhibit exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). It has not been determined whether omega-3 supplements inhibit airway sensitivity to inhaled mannitol, a test for bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and model for EIB in people with mild to moderate asthma.
6727. Nighttime intensivist staffing, mortality, and limits on life support: a retrospective cohort study.
作者: Meeta Prasad Kerlin.;Michael O Harhay.;Jeremy M Kahn.;Scott D Halpern.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷4期951-958页
Evidence regarding nighttime physician staffing of ICUs is suboptimal. We aimed to determine how nighttime physician staffing models influence patient outcomes.
6728. Prevention of acute exacerbations of COPD: American College of Chest Physicians and Canadian Thoracic Society Guideline.
作者: Gerard J Criner.;Jean Bourbeau.;Rebecca L Diekemper.;Daniel R Ouellette.;Donna Goodridge.;Paul Hernandez.;Kristen Curren.;Meyer S Balter.;Mohit Bhutani.;Pat G Camp.;Bartolome R Celli.;Gail Dechman.;Mark T Dransfield.;Stanley B Fiel.;Marilyn G Foreman.;Nicola A Hanania.;Belinda K Ireland.;Nathaniel Marchetti.;Darcy D Marciniuk.;Richard A Mularski.;Joseph Ornelas.;Jeremy D Road.;Michael K Stickland.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷4期894-942页
COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States as well as throughout the rest of the world. An exacerbation of COPD (periodic escalations of symptoms of cough, dyspnea, and sputum production) is a major contributor to worsening lung function, impairment in quality of life, need for urgent care or hospitalization, and cost of care in COPD. Research conducted over the past decade has contributed much to our current understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of COPD. Additionally, an evolving literature has accumulated about the prevention of acute exacerbations.
6729. Hospitalization and survival in patients using epoprostenol for injection in the PROSPECT observational study.
作者: Robert P Frantz.;Robert J Schilz.;Murali M Chakinala.;David B Badesch.;Adaani E Frost.;Vallerie V McLaughlin.;Robyn J Barst.;Daniel M Rosenberg.;Dave P Miller.;Brian K Hartline.;Wade W Benton.;Harrison W Farber.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷2期484-494页
Few studies have prospectively reported outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treated with epoprostenol in the modern-day era of oral therapy and combination treatments. The Registry to Prospectively Describe Use of Epoprostenol for Injection (Veletri, prolonged room temperature stable-epoprostenol [RTS-Epo]) in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PROSPECT) was established to prospectively describe the course of PAH in patients prescribed RTS-Epo.
6730. Executive summary: prevention of acute exacerbation of COPD: American College of Chest Physicians and Canadian Thoracic Society Guideline.
作者: Gerard J Criner.;Jean Bourbeau.;Rebecca L Diekemper.;Daniel R Ouellette.;Donna Goodridge.;Paul Hernandez.;Kristen Curren.;Meyer S Balter.;Mohit Bhutani.;Pat G Camp.;Bartolome R Celli.;Gail Dechman.;Mark T Dransfield.;Stanley B Fiel.;Marilyn G Foreman.;Nicola A Hanania.;Belinda K Ireland.;Nathaniel Marchetti.;Darcy D Marciniuk.;Richard A Mularski.;Joseph Ornelas.;Jeremy D Road.;Michael K Stickland.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷4期883-893页 6731. CT scan findings of probable usual interstitial pneumonitis have a high predictive value for histologic usual interstitial pneumonitis.
作者: Jonathan H Chung.;Ashish Chawla.;Anna L Peljto.;Carlyne D Cool.;Steve D Groshong.;Janet L Talbert.;David F McKean.;Kevin K Brown.;Tasha E Fingerlin.;Marvin I Schwarz.;David A Schwartz.;David A Lynch.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷2期450-459页
The current usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP)/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis CT scan classification system excludes probable UIP as a diagnostic category. We sought to determine the predictive effect of probable UIP on CT scan on histology and the effect of the promoter polymorphism in MUC5B (rs35705950) on histologic and CT scan UIP diagnosis.
6732. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation following esophagectomy: safety demonstrated in a pig model.
Respiratory complications occur in 20% to 65% of patients who have undergone esophagectomy. While noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is associated with fewer complications than endotracheal intubation (ET), it is relatively contraindicated after esophagectomy due to potential injury to the anastomosis. We created ex vivo and in vivo pig models to determine the pressure tolerance of an esophagectomy anastomosis and compare it to esophageal pressure during NPPV.
6733. Preintubation application of oral chlorhexidine does not provide additional benefit in prevention of early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia.
作者: Cindy L Munro.;Mary Jo Grap.;Curtis N Sessler.;Ronald K Elswick.;Devanand Mangar.;Rachel Karlnoski-Everall.;Paula Cairns.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷2期328-334页
Daily application of oral chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) following intubation to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is now the standard of care in many ICUs. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the benefit of adding a preintubation CHX dose to the known benefit of postintubation CHX to reduce the risk of early-onset VAP. A secondary aim was to test the effect of a preintubation oral application of CHX on early endotracheal tube (ETT) colonization.
6734. Prognostic accuracy of clinical prediction rules for early post-pulmonary embolism all-cause mortality: a bivariate meta-analysis.
作者: Christine G Kohn.;Elizabeth S Mearns.;Matthew W Parker.;Adrian V Hernandez.;Craig I Coleman.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷4期1043-1062页
Studies suggest outpatient treatment or early discharge of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (aPE) is reasonable for those deemed to be at low risk of early mortality. We sought to determine clinical prediction rule accuracy for identifying patients with aPE at low risk for mortality.
6735. Ventilation/Perfusion distribution abnormalities in morbidly obese subjects before and after bariatric surgery.
作者: Eva Rivas.;Ebymar Arismendi.;Alvar Agustí.;Marcelo Sanchez.;Salvadora Delgado.;Concepción Gistau.;Peter D Wagner.;Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷4期1127-1134页
Obesity is a global and growing public health problem. Bariatric surgery (BS) is indicated in patients with morbid obesity. To our knowledge, the effects of morbid obesity and BS on ventilation/perfusion (V.a/Q.) ratio distributions using the multiple inert gas elimination technique have never before been explored.
6736. Bardet Biedl syndrome: motile ciliary phenotype.
Cilia line the surface of the respiratory tract and beat in a coordinated wave to protect the lungs against infection. Bardet Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare condition attributed to cilia dysfunction. Murine models of BBS suggest a respiratory phenotype; however, no reports have studied the translation of these findings in patients.
6737. Development of a novel, multilayered presentation format for clinical practice guidelines.
作者: Annette Kristiansen.;Linn Brandt.;Pablo Alonso-Coello.;Thomas Agoritsas.;Elie A Akl.;Tara Conboy.;Mahmoud Elbarbary.;Mazen Ferwana.;Wedad Medani.;Mohammad Hassan Murad.;David Rigau.;Sarah Rosenbaum.;Frederick A Spencer.;Shaun Treweek.;Gordon Guyatt.;Per Olav Vandvik.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷3期754-763页
Bridging the gap between clinical research and everyday health-care practice requires effective communication strategies. To address current shortcomings in conveying practice recommendations and supporting evidence, we are creating and testing presentation formats for clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).
6738. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in the southern hemisphere: results from a registry of incident Brazilian cases.
作者: Jose Leonidas Alves.;Francisca Gavilanes.;Carlos Jardim.;Caio Julio Cesar Dos Santos Fernandes.;Luciana Tamie Kato Morinaga.;Bruno Dias.;Susana Hoette.;Marc Humbert.;Rogerio Souza.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷2期495-501页
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and ultimately fatal disorder of the pulmonary vasculature. There is increasing interest in the worldwide characteristics of patients with PAH, although data coming from the Southern Hemisphere remain scarce. The objective of this study was to describe a cohort of incident patients with PAH from a large reference center in Brazil.
6739. The clinical course of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia.
作者: Laurie L Carr.;Jonathan H Chung.;Rosane Duarte Achcar.;Zoran Lesic.;Ji Y Rho.;Kunihiro Yagihashi.;Robert M Tate.;Jeffrey J Swigris.;Jeffrey A Kern.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷2期415-422页
Current understanding of the clinical course of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is poor and based predominantly on small case series. In our clinical experience, we have found that the diagnosis of DIPNECH is frequently delayed because respiratory symptoms are ascribed to other lung conditions. The objectives of this study were to collect and analyze longitudinal clinical data on pulmonary physiology, chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) imaging, and therapies to better delineate the course of disease.
6740. Endothelial function in children with OSA and the effects of adenotonsillectomy.
作者: Kate C C Chan.;Chun T Au.;Ping Chook.;Dennis L Y Lee.;Hugh S Lam.;Yun K Wing.;Albert Martin Li.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷1期132-139页
The association between childhood OSA and endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and its response to OSA treatment are uncertain. The objective of this study was to compare FMD in children with OSA with nonsnoring control subjects and to examine its response to treatment.
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