An 81-year-old man presented with a 1-week history of dry cough. He also complained of mild dyspnea, wheezing, and low-grade fever. He denied hemoptysis, fever, rashes, or chest pain. The patient's medical history included coronary artery bypass surgery, hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and COPD. The patient was a retired welder and an ex-smoker.

A 60-year-old asymptomatic woman was referred to our hospital because of an abnormal chest roentgenogram during a routine medical checkup. The patient had no history of memorable infectious diseases, except a liver abscess caused by Serratia marcescens at age 46 years. Her son was diagnosed with chronic granulomatous disease at the age of 1 year. She had never smoked cigarettes and drank only occasionally.

A 41-year-old Hispanic woman with a 20 pack-year smoking history presented with worsening shortness of breath on exertion that gradually started 2 years ago, then significantly deteriorated over the last 4 months. She was diagnosed with COPD 2 months prior to her presentation and started on treatment with fluticasone propionate and albuterol. Her medical history was relevant for undifferentiated connective tissue disorder diagnosed 5 years prior due to a positive antinuclear antibody test, arthralgia, recurrent urticarial skin rash, peripheral neuropathy, abdominal pain, and diffuse body swelling. She was started on treatment with prednisone and azathioprine at the time and had substantial improvement in the occurrence of her urticaria. She also had a history of recurrent laryngeal edema of unclear etiology. She had no history of IV drug abuse, no exposure to animals, was not sexually active, and had no recent travel outside of Florida. There was no significant family history of lung diseases.

A 40-year-old South Asian woman was admitted in active labor at 38 weeks' gestation. She had an unremarkable medical history with routine prenatal care, negative HIV testing results, and an uneventful pregnancy. She received a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine during childhood and reportedly had a subsequent positive purified protein-derivative test result 1 year prior to conception. She never smoked and had seven normal term pregnancies.

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by granulation tissue in the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli. BOOP can be caused by a number of etiologies including infection, toxic inhalation, medications, radiation, and collagen vascular disease, or it can be idiopathic. We report here a case of BOOP following inhalational exposure to a jalapeño grease fire. Capsaicin and other jalapeño-derived compounds are known causes of epithelial damage and airway inflammation but to our knowledge have never been implicated in the development of BOOP. This case adds to the growing list of exposures associated with BOOP and highlights the importance of taking a thorough exposure history in patients with lung injury of unknown etiology.