Chest medicine relies extensively on medical devices that comprise medical technology, artificial intelligence, software applications, and digital health; however, a comprehensive assessment of the evidence supporting US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval/clearance of these devices is lacking.

Circadian rhythms are often severely disrupted in critically ill patients in the ICU. The ICU environment, characterized by irregular light-dark signals, continuous nutrition, and round-the-clock interventions, contributes to this disruption by providing weak and conflicting timing cues to the circadian system. Extensive scientific research has demonstrated that circadian rhythms play a vital role in regulating physiology and maintaining overall health. Therefore, integrating circadian principles into critical care may represent a promising strategy to improve patient outcomes in the ICU.

Selexipag is an oral selective prostacyclin receptor agonist approved for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adults.

Understanding the underlying cause of OSA in the individual patient, referred to as pathophysiologic endotyping, is essential for personalized care. The current classification of these traits from routine sleep recordings relies on manually scored arousals from sleep. Automating this process could widen the applicability of endotyping.

Home noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves outcomes in patients with chronic respiratory failure; however, telemonitoring remains challenging due to undefined appropriate alert thresholds. Current leak thresholds lack clinical validation, potentially leading to inefficient care delivery and alert fatigue among health care providers.

The Bronchiectasis & NTM Association established a network of specialized care centers with unique skills in the diagnosis and management of patients with bronchiectasis (BE) and/or infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The mission of the network is to reduce the time to diagnosis and support high-quality care for patients affected by these conditions. This was intended to address the rising incidence and prevalence of people with BE and/or NTM infection. As part of this care center network, there is development of standards of care based upon consensus agreement of experts. This position paper addresses the structure of a care center, including the members of a multidisciplinary core team, essential partners for more common complications of disease, and the necessary supportive staff to provide comprehensive care for patients with BE and/or NTM infection. Through review of the literature and expert consensus, this is intended to guide the development and improvement of care centers.

Treatment selection in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) remains empiric because of a lack of randomized trial data. Although radiographic fibrosis extent often is used to inform treatment decisions, its usefulness as a theragnostic marker for immunomodulatory therapy is unknown.

Oral corticosteroids (OCSs) are recommended as first-line therapy for sarcoidosis, yet limited data describe the risk of steroid-associated adverse effects in this population.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) affects 40% to 60% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and represents the leading cause of death. Although treatment options for SSc with ILD remain limited, randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved therapies. However, numerous unanswered questions remain regarding management of SSc with ILD, and 3 recently published clinical practice guidelines highlight the complexity of treating this condition. These guidelines offer distinct and sometimes contrasting views on treatment of SSc with ILD, creating unique challenges for clinicians. The present review aimed to synthesize evidence regarding the management of SSc with ILD with a focus on how to apply the recent guidelines into practice, beginning with screening for disease and extending to the intricate decision-making surrounding treatment.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common morbidity of very preterm (VPT) infants born < 32 weeks' gestation with lifelong consequences. Studies document wide variation between regions and units in BPD prevalence.

The Second Multicenter Intrapleural Sepsis Trial (MIST2) trial showed that twice-daily dosing of intrapleural enzyme therapy (IET) for 3 days improved outcomes in patients with pleural infection. Many hospitals are unable to administer IET on that schedule.

Fungal sensitization is an increasingly recognized endophenotype in chronic respiratory disease; however, its role in bronchiectasis remains poorly defined. This study aimed to provide the most comprehensive evaluation to date of fungal sensitization and its clinical relevance in bronchiectasis using an expanded panel of crude and recombinant fungal allergens.

Although lung cancer screening programs aimed at high-risk adults who smoke have effectively reduced mortality rates, the risk factors for lung cancer in people who have never smoked (LCINS) remain poorly understood.